Influence of Propolis on Hygiene, Gingival Condition, and Oral Microflora in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Treated with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Table 3

Statistical comparisons of API, OPI, and GI.

		A	B		C
		Intergroup difference	Intragroup difference		Difference test
			Propolis group	Control group	Effect of propolis
API	Baseline; final study	0.503^a; 0.850^a	0.871^c	0.871^c	0.950^b
			OPI	Baseline; final study	0.137^b; 0.020^∗,b	0.012^∗,d	0.410^d	0.001^∗,b
GI	Baseline; final study	0.063^a; 0.034^∗,a				0.014^∗,c	0.722^c	0.002^∗,b

A: differences between the propolis group and the control group; B: differences between baseline and final study; C: statistical changes between baseline and final study in the propolis group compared with the control group. aTukey test, bMann-Whitney U  Test, ct-test for dependent samples, and dWilcoxon matched pairs test; ∗significance (𝑃<.05).