Research Article

Effect of Jeju Water on Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Demographic and baseline characteristics of the patients in the ITT population.

VariablesSS ( )S1 ( )S2 ( )

Age, years 0.574
Sex, male, % 0.057
Weight, kg 0.339
BMI, kg/m2 0.898
Waist circumference, cm 0.702
SBP, mmHg 0.711
DBP, mmHg 0.454
DM duration, years 0.418
FPG, mg/dL 0.768
HbA1c, % 0.575
Fructosamine, μmol/L 0.480
C-peptide, ng/mL 0.248
HOMA-β C-peptide 0.268
HOMA-IR C-peptide 0.259
Creatinine, mg/dL 0.973
AST, U/L 0.416
ALT, U/L 0.592
Albumin, g/dL 0.675
Antihypertensive drugs, %53.7 53.8 51.6 0.961
Lipid-lowering agents, %52.2 52.3 50.0 0.957
Antiplatelet agents, %34.3 30.8 32.3 0.908
Antidiabetic regimen
Sulfonylurea, %59.7 47.6 57.4 0.346
Biguanide, %82.1 87.3 77.0 0.328
Thiazolidinedione, %4.5 7.9 8.2 0.633
-Glucosidase inhibitor, %1.5 6.3 9.8 0.105
DPP-4 inhibitor, %9.0 22.2 13.1 0.094
Insulin, %19.4 9.5 14.8 0.282

Data are expressed as means±SE or frequencies (%).
*ANOVA or test.
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; DM: diabetes mellitus; HOMA: homeostasis assessment model; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4.