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| Study ID | TCM syndrome | Herbal formula | Control | Main findings |
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| Cheng WJ 2000* | Qi stagnation and blood stasis
Spleen and stomach weakness
Spleen-kidney yang deficiency
Other syndromes | Modified Li Zhong Tang | Sodium cromoglycate, diazepam, vitamin B1
plus loperamide hydrochloride if diarrhea exists | Herbal medicine showed a statistically significant benefit for short-term and long-term effects compared with conventional medicine
No significant difference among patients with different TCM syndromes for short-term and long-term effects in herbal group |
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| Hu ZL 2000* | Liver stagnation and spleen deficiency
Liver-stomach disharmony
Spleen-stomach deficiency-cold | Jianwei Yuyang Pill | Oryzanol bifidobacterium triple viable capsules | Herbal medicine showed a statistically significant benefit for short-term and long-term effects compared with conventional Western medicine therapy
In herbal group, there was no significant difference between patients with syndrome of liver depression and spleen insufficiency and syndrome of liver-stomach disharmony for short-term effect, but they all were significantly better than patients with syndrome of spleen-stomach deficiency-cold |
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| Duan GY 2002* | Liver-stomach disharmony
Spleen deficiency with excessive damp
Spleen-kidney yang deficiency
Yin-deficiency and congealing cold | Modified Xiao Yao San and Si Jun Zi Tang used orally; Lian Qin Tang used by retention enema
Xiangsha Weiling Tang plus Pu Huang used orally;
Lian Qin Tang used by retention enema
Li Zhong Tang and Si Shen Wan plus Yuan Hu and Fu Pian used orally Lian Qin Tang used by retention enema
Wen Pi Tang plus Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong, and Shu Di Huang used orally
Lian Qin Tang used by retention enema | Oryzanol and bifidobacterium viable capsule | The total effective rate in herbal group was significantly higher than in control group
In herbal group, the total effective rate in patients with syndrome of liver-spleen disharmony was the best, followed by patients with syndrome of spleen insufficiency with damp harassment, spleen-kidney yang deficiency, yin-deficiency and pathogenic cold |
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| Tian JY 2002* | Liver qi attacking the spleen
Weakness of spleen and stomach
Spleen-kidney yang deficiency | Modified Si Ni San plus Tong Xie Yao Fang
Modified Shenling Baizhu San
Li Zhong Wan plus Si Shen Wan | Western medicine based on symptoms | Herbal medicine showed a statistically significant benefit for clinical effect compared with western medicine based on symptoms
There was no significant difference among patients with different TCM syndromes for clinical effect in herbal group |
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| Liang X 2005* | Liver stagnation and spleen deficiency
Weakness of spleen and stomach
Spleen-kidney yang deficiency | Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang no. 1 combined with Shi Yi Fang
Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang No. 2 combined with Shi Yi Fang Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang No. 3 combined with Shi Yi Fang | Pinaverium bromide plus fluoxetine if psychiatric symptoms existed, plus alprazolam if sleep disorders existed | Herbal medicine showed a statistically significant benefit for clinical effect compared with conventional western medicine therapy
In herbal group, clinical effect on patients with syndrome of liver depression with spleen insufficiency was the best, followed by patients with syndrome of weakness of spleen and stomach, and syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency |
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| Li QH 2006* | Liver stagnation and spleen deficiency
Weakness of spleen and stomach
Spleen-kidney yang deficiency | Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang no. 1
Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang no. 2
Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang no. 3 | Pinaverium bromide plus belladonna if abdominal pain exists, plus compound diphenoxylate if diarrhea exists, plus doxepin if psychiatric symptoms existed | Herbal medicine showed a statistically significant benefit for clinical effect compared with conventional Western medicine therapy
In herbal group, there was no significant difference between patients with syndrome of liver depression and spleen insufficiency and syndrome of weakness of spleen and stomach, but they all were significantly better than patients with syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency |
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| Liu AQ 2006* | Spleen-stomach deficiency-cold
Cold-damp stagnation in large intestine
Stagnant of qi movement | Modified Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang
Modified Wei Ling Tang
Modified Liu Mo Tang | Western medicine based on symptoms | Stratified analysis according to syndrome differentiation
The total effective rate in herbal group was significantly higher than control group for patients with syndrome of spleen-stomach deficiency-cold
The total effective rate in herbal group was significantly higher than control group for patients with syndrome of cold-damp stagnation in intestines
The total effective rate in herbal group was significantly higher than in control group for patients with syndrome of stagnant of qi movement |
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| Liang W 2007* | Liver stagnation and spleen deficiency
Cold and heat in complexity
Weakness of spleen and stomach | Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang no. 1
Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang no. 2
Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang no. 3 | Loperamide hydrochloride | The total effective rate in herbal group was significantly higher than in control group
There was no significant difference among patients with different TCM syndromes on the total effective rate in herbal group |
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| Huang PR 2008* | Liver stagnation and spleen deficiency
Cold and heat in complexity
Weakness of spleen and stomach | Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang no. 1
Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang no. 2
Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang no. 3 | Loperamide hydrochloride | The total effective rate in herbal group was significantly higher than in control group
There was no significant difference among patients with different TCM syndromes on the total effective rate in herbal group |
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| Leng QN 2009* | Liver stagnation and spleen deficiency
Cold and heat in complexity
Weakness of spleen and stomach
Food stagnation in stomach and intestines
Spleen-kidney yang deficiency | Modified self-prepared herbal formula no.1
Modified self-prepared herbal formula no. 2
Modified self-prepared herbal formula no. 3
Modified self-prepared herbal formula no. 4
Modified self-prepared herbal formula no. 5 | Trimebutine | The total effective rate in herbal group was significantly higher than in control group
There was no significant difference among patients with different TCM syndromes on the total effective rate in herbal group |
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| Zhang YF 2009* | Liver-spleen disharmony
Spleen-kidney yang deficiency
Spleen qi deficiency | Modified Hu Su Gan San plus Tong Xie Yao Fang
Modified Si Shen Wan
Modified Shenling Baizhu San | Pinaverium bromide | The total effective rate in herbal group was significantly higher than in control group
There was no significant difference among patients with different TCM syndromes on the total effective rate in herbal group. |
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| He ZM 2010* | Liver stagnation with spleen insufficiency
Cold and heat in complexity
Yin deficiency and intestines dryness
Intestinal constraint | Modified self-prepared Yiji Changkang Tang | Western medicine based on symptoms | Herbal medicine showed a statistically significant benefit for clinical effect compared with conventional western medicine therapy
There was no significant difference among patients with different TCM syndromes for clinical effect in herbal group |
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| Li HJ 2010** | Liver-spleen disharmony
Spleen-kidney yang deficiency
Cold and heat in complexity | Modified Chaihu Shugan San plus Tong Xie Yao Fang
Modified Si Shen Wan plus Li Zhong Tang
Modified Wu Mei Wan | Western medicine based on symptoms | The cure rate in herbal group was significantly higher than control group
In herbal group, the cure rate in patients with syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency was significantly higher than patients with liver-spleen disharmony and cold and heat in complexity, but there was no significant difference between patients with syndrome of liver-spleen disharmony and patients with cold and heat in complexity |
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| Bian LQ 2011*** | Liver-spleen disharmony
Weakness of spleen and stomach
Spleen-kidney yang deficiency | Changan Yihao Fang | Placebo | Applied stratified analysis according to syndrome differentiation
The score of IBS-SSS in herbal group was significantly lower than control group
There was no significant difference between two groups for patients with each syndromes |
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| Wang C 2012* | Liver qi attacking the spleen
Weakness of spleen and stomach
Kidney yang deficiency | Tong Xie Yao Fang combined with trimebutine | Trimebutine | Herbal medicine showed a statistically significant benefit for clinical effect compared with trimebutine
In herbal group, patients with syndrome of liver qi attacking the spleen showed the best clinical effect, followed by patients with syndrome of weakness of spleen and stomach, and patients with syndrome of kidney yang deficiency |
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