The Effects of Brazilian Green Propolis against Excessive Light-Induced Cell Damage in Retina and Fibroblast Cells
Figure 1
Effects of propolis and its constituent on cell damage induced by white light irradiation in a 661W culture. ((a)–(c)) Representative photographs at 24 h after light irradiation. (a) Nonirradiated cells showed a normal shape. (b) White light-induced alteration of cell shape. (c) Pretreatment with propolis and (d) pretreatment with 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid at 1 h before the white light irradiation recovered the cell shape, respectively. (e) Cell viability was assessed by immersing cells in WST-8 solution for 6 h at 37°C, with absorbance recorded at 492 nm. White light induced a decrease in cell viability. Propolis (30 μg/mL) and 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3 μg/mL) inhibited white light-induced cell damage. Data are shown as means ± S.E.M. (). ** versus light exposure plus the vehicle-treated group and ## versus control. CGA: chlorogenic acid, p-CA: p-coumaric acid, 3,5-CQA: 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-CQA: 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. Scale bar represents 100 μm.
