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| Scales and scoring | Definition | Units and normal range | Explanation |
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| CNS vital signs |
| Cognitive flexibility | Measure of frontal lobe functioning | Milliseconds Age-dependent | A higher value represents a higher level of functioning |
| Reaction time | Average measure of two distinct attention components | Milliseconds Age-dependent | A higher score represents a longer reaction time |
| Complex attention | Combined measure of simple, choice, and shifting attention elements | Milliseconds Age-dependent | A higher score represents a higher level of attention |
| Working memory | Measures well-known “2-back” working memory | Milliseconds Age-dependent | A higher score represents a higher level of working memory |
| Sustained attention | Combined measure of three cascading attention tests each slightly more difficult than the previous. | Milliseconds Age-dependent | A higher score represents a higher level of sustained attention |
| Executive functioning | Measure of how well a subject deals with making correct decisions in a shifting rule and target environment | Milliseconds Age-dependent | A higher score represents a higher level of executive functioning |
| Processing speed | Scores how well a subject deals with moving across a keyboard based on keys and stimuli | Milliseconds Age-dependent | A higher score represents a longer processing speed |
| Average standard score | Composite score of overall cognitive function | Milliseconds Age-dependent | A higher score represents a higher level of overall cognitive function |
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| POMS scoring |
| Tension | Assess transient, distinct mood state of tension | 0–4 Likert scale No normal range | A higher score indicates that subject tends to be fidgety, restless, and quickly frustrated with people |
| Depression | Assess transient, distinct mood state of depression | 0–4 Likert scale No normal range | A higher score indicates that subject feels complete and utter loss of hope and unable to carry out normal activities |
| Anger | Assess transient, distinct mood state of anger | 0–4 Likert scale No normal range | A higher score indicates the subject’s intensity of expressing anger at a particular time |
| Vigor | Assess transient, distinct mood state of vigor | 0–4 Likert scale No normal range | A higher score indicates that the subject is feeling cheerful, lively, alert, active, and carefree |
| Fatigue | Assess transient, distinct mood state of fatigue | 0–4 Likert scale No normal range | A higher score indicates more severe fatigue, fatigue distress, or impact on activities of daily living |
| Confusion | Assess transient, distinct mood state of confusion | 0–4 Likert scale No normal range | A higher score indicates that subject tends to feel mixed up and confused either with instructions or surrounding environment |
| Total mood disturbance | Composite score of distressed mood states | 0–4 Likert scale No normal range | A higher score indicates anxiety, emotional suppression, and psychological distress |
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| Chalder scales |
| Total physical | Self-rated 8-question scale of physical symptoms | 0–3 Likert scale No normal range | High scores indicate an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases |
| Total mental | Self-rated 6-question scale regarding mental fatigue | 0–3 Likert scale No normal range | High scores indicate presence of anxiety and depression |
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