Neuromuscular Damage and Repair after Dry Needling in Mice

Table 1

Some types of muscular injury and degeneration-regeneration times. Some minor muscle injuries were chosen to compare with the DN injury. The degeneration and regeneration periods obtained in this study agree with those previously described for other injury methods. For all items, we considered representative periods of time. For example, for the item “inflammatory reaction,” all publications describe when it starts (indicated by the first number) and the day when abundant inflammatory cells are present (indicated by the second number). Ebbeling and Clarkson, 1989 [15]. Chargé and Rudnicki, 2004 [16]. Benoit and Belt, 1970 [13]. Allbrook, 1962 [14].

Muscle/animal	Gracilis/rat	Tibialis anterior and peroneal/mouse and rabbit	Several muscles/human and rodents	Tibialis anterior/rat	LAL/mouse
	[13]	[14]	[15]	[16]	(this study)
Type of lesion	Local exposure to bupivacaine	Crush injury	Exercise	Local exposure to cardiotoxin	Dry needling
Inflammatory reaction	1st day	3rd-4th days	1st-2nd days	6th hour–4th day	1st–3rd days
Satellite cells proliferation	2nd day	4th–6th days	2nd–4th days	2nd–4th days	3rd day
Myotube	3rd day	6th–10th days	3rd-4th days	6th–10th days	5th day
Young muscular fibers	4th day	15th day	6th–30th days	10th day	7th day