Inhibitive Effects of Mulberry Leaf-Related Extracts on Cell Adhesion and Inflammatory Response in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
Figure 3
Mulberry leaf related extracts (MLREs) reduce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced adhesion of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). (a) The number of adherent U937 cells (marked by arrow) was monitored by fluorescence microscopy under control (a), 2 ng/mL TNF-α(b), co-treated with TNF- and aspirin (10 μM) (c), cotreated with TNF-α and BT (25 μg/mL) (d), cotreated with TNF-α and BT (50 μg/mL) (e), cotreated with TNF-α and MT (25 μg/mL) (f), cotreated with TNF-α and MT (50 μg/mL) (g), cotreated with TNF-αand M (25 μg/mL) (h), and cotreated with TNF-α and M (50 μg/mL) (i). (b) HAECs were pretreated with MLREs for 18 h, followed by stimulating with TNF-α for 6 h. Fluorescence-labeled monocytic U937 cells were added to HAECs and allowed to adhere for 2 h. Data are expressed as a percentage of TNF-α-induced expression (mean ± S.D.) of three experiments. Mean ± S.D. , BT, MT, and M at 25 and 50 μg/mL versus TNF-α; , control versus TNF-α.
