Research Article

Quercetin Preserves β-Cell Mass and Function in Fructose-Induced Hyperinsulinemia through Modulating Pancreatic Akt/FoxO1 Activation

Figure 4

Time-course (a) and dose-dependent (b) effects of quercetin on protein levels of total FoxO1 and nuclear FoxO1 and Pdx1 in fructose-treated INS-1 β-cells. INS-1 β-cells were treated with 1 mM fructose in the absence or presence of 5, 10, and 20 μM quercetin. Data were presented as the mean ± SEM of three to six independent experiments. # and ## relative to untreated control cells; * and ** relative to fructose-treated vehicle cells.
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303902.fig.004b
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