Characterization of Deqi Sensation and Acupuncture Effect

Table 1

The common questionnaires in deqi assessment.

Scale	Year	Group	Feature
Vincent questionnaire	1989	Vincent et al. [17]	The sensations primarily coming from pain questionnaires
Park questionnaire	2002	Park et al. [10]
Macpherson questionnaire	2006	MacPherson and Asghar [8]	Separating the deqi sensations and pain
SNSQ	2008	White et al. [21]	A valid, rigorous, soundly grounded, and patient-centered measurement, enabling the discrimination between pain and deqi
German version of SNSQ	2011	Pach et al. [22]	For the language and cultural differences, the original questionnaire could not be reproduced
SASS	2005	Kong et al. [23]	One supplementary row was left blank for subjects to describe perceptions in their own words
MASS	2007	Kong et al. [1]	Including 12 descriptors, one supplementary row to describe perceptions, and two supplementaries (Acupuncture Sensation Spreading Scale and Mood Scale)
C-MMASS	2012	Yu et al. [24]	Chinese version of the MASS with “sharp pain’’ removed
Mao questionnaire	2007	Mao et al. [25]	Including 11 needling sensations, an open-ended question of additional deqi sensations, the situation of PSC, and 5 specifically designed items
Deqi composite	2007	Hui et al. [9]	An approach proposed for reducing the complex sensation profile of deqi to a single value
Kou questionnaire	2007	Kou et al. [26]	Evaluating 5 deqi sensations and anxiety using VAS