Evodiamine Induces Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1-Mediated Protective Autophagy in U87-MG Astrocytes

Figure 2

Evodiamine (Evo) induces calcium-mediated protective autophagy in astrocytes. (a) Cells were pretreated with EGTA, a scavenger of extracellular calcium, for 1 h, and then incubated with Evo for a further 8 h. Levels of intracellular calcium were measured by flow cytometry with Fluo-3 AM dye. The effects of EGTA on autophagy (b) and apoptosis (c) were evaluated by flow cytometry using acridine orange staining and annexin V/PI dye, respectively. ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 compared to the respective control, by Student’s 𝑡-test.

(a)

(b)

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