Assessing the Metabolic Effects of Aromatherapy in Human Volunteers
Table 2
List of differential metabolites in urine after being exposed to essential oil inhalation for 10 days (VAE group) to themselves before being exposed to essential oil inhalation (VBE group).
Classes
Metabolites
VIP1
FC2
3
Amino acids
Arginine
1.80
3.76
Ornithine
1.78
0.50
Amino acids related
Homocysteine
1.98
2.05
Betaine
2.21
1.79
5-Oxoproline
2.03
0.61
Tyramine
2.58
0.47
Alcohols
Histidinol
1.66
0.34
Threitol
2.77
0.48
Sorbitol
1.98
0.16
Carbohydrates
Inositol
2.48
0.53
Sucrose
1.97
0.27
Xylose
1.90
0.61
Organic acids
Hippurate
1.99
0.17
Benzoate
2.28
0.34
Methylmalonate
1.94
0.62
Gluconate
1.76
0.70
Ferulate
1.65
0.37
Pipecolinic acid
1.62
0.74
Homovanillate
2.34
0.40
4-Hydroxybenzoate
1.75
0.48
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
1.99
0.44
Threonic acid
2.52
0.57
Glycerate
2.41
0.56
Phenol
1.80
0.49
Cis-Aconitic acid
1.91
0.53
Succinate
2.16
0.52
Pyrimidine
Uracil
1.99
0.54
Others
Phosphate
2.24
0.69
Hydroquinone
1.74
0.55
1Variable importance in the projection (VIP) was obtained from PLS-DA model with a threshold of 1.0;
2fold change (FC) was obtained by comparing those metabolites in VAE group to VBE group;
3 values were calculated from Student’s -test; FC with a value >1 indicates a relatively higher concentration present in VAE group, while a value <1 means a relatively lower concentration as compared to VBE.