Antiviral activity of the extract, extract fractions, and isolated compounds from G. procumbens.
Extract/extract fractions/compounds
MNTD μg/mL
Antiviral activity (IC50, μg/mL)
Inactivation (virucidal action)
Pre-treatment inhibition of viral adsorption and penetration
Post-treatment inhibition of intracellular viral replication
HSV-1
HSV-2
HSV-1
HSV-2
HSV-1
HSV-2
Ethanol extract
>2000
625
675
−
−
584
568
F2
1000
320
366
−
−
−
−
F3
1000
362
391
−
−
ND
266
F4
1000
347
312
+
+
+
446
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
200
+
96
−
−
+
61
3
200
−
−
−
−
−
−
4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
5
200
−
−
−
−
−
−
6
10
−
−
−
−
−
−
7
100
+
50
+
+
−
−
8
100
−
40
−
−
−
−
9
500
250
−
ND
ND
−
−
Positive control: 50 μg/mL of Acyclovir completely inhibited the plaque formation in all test methods. −: inactive at subtoxic concentration (MNTD/2) (inhibition of plaque forming < 50%). +: active but IC50 is not determined. MNTD: maximum nontoxic dose. ND: not determined.
