Metabolomic Study of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats and the Interventional Effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang, a Traditional Chinese Medicine

Table 3

Summary of potential biomarkers in HLJDT and its components’ groups on day 22.

Biomarkers	HLJDT		Components of HLJDT
	Fold^a	𝑃 value^a	Fold^b	𝑃 value^b
Choline	−20.24	0.041	—	—
Carnitine	0.40	0.000	0.18	0.003
Glycerophosphocholine	−19.87	0.001	−16.79	0.009
Acetylcarnitine	−0.76	0.003	−0.15	0.002
L-Phenylalanine	−0.28	0.012	−0.19	0.043
Hippuric acid	−20.17	0.004	−18.87	0.006
Palmitoyl-L-carnitine	−0.56	0.002	−0.01	0.022
Allantoin	−0.12	0.018	—	—
Arachidonic acid	−0.24	0.002	−0.14	0.003

^aFold changes calculated as log₂ (average peak intensity of HLJDT group/average peak intensity of model group) and 𝑃 value compared with model group on day 22.
^bFold changes calculated as log₂ (average peak intensity of components of HLJDT group/average peak intensity of model group) and 𝑃 value compared with model group on day 22.