Clinacanthus nutans Extracts Are Antioxidant with Antiproliferative Effect on Cultured Human Cancer Cell Lines

Table 1

Anti-proliferative effect of chloroform, methanol and aqueous extract of C. nutans at various concentrations (3.125–100 µg/mL) on eight different types of tumorigenic cell lines and normal cell, human umbilical veins endothelial cells (HUVECs). The growth inhibitory activity was normalized to control and expressed in percentage (%). Data represented in mean ± SEM in triplicate.

	HepG2	IMR32	NCI-32	SNU-1	HeLa	LS-174T	K562	Raji	HUVECs
Chloroform extract (µg/mL)
3.125	16.65 ± 1.84*	NA	27.03 ± 0.62*	6.63 ± 2.65	4.59 ± 0.83	21.78 ± 1.25*	9.46 ± 1.09	5.59 ± 1.18
6.25	21.78 ± 1.21*	NA	33.30 ± 1.18*	15.16 ± 0.41*	8.47 ± 1.17	27.06 ± 1.04*	7.89 ± 0.35	15.47 ± 0.49*
12.5	26.62 ± 0.73*	NA	36.65 ± 1.38*	18.17 ± 0.41*	16.16 ± 0.35*	33.98 ± 1.15*	9.99 ± 1.09	24.53 ± 0.43*
25	29.97 ± 0.79*	NA	39.14 ± 0.69*	25.05 ± 0.68*	22.25 ± 0.19*	36.52 ± 0.70*	32.23 ± 1.06*	38.01 ± 0.28*
50	32.49 ± 0.10*	NA	42.08 ± 0.75*	27.98 ± 0.18*	38.30 ± 0.08*	39.15 ± 0.42*	66.75 ± 0.47*	56.77 ± 0.23*
100	38.76 ± 1.72*	NA	55.82 ± 1.23*	31.25 ± 1.09*	56.73 ± 0.12*	41.97 ± 0.94*	91.28 ± 0.02*	88.97 ± 1.06*	17.39 ± 3.49*
Methanol extract (µg/mL)
3.125	14.90 ± 1.41*	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
6.25	22.16 ± 0.92*	NA	NA	NA	NA	1.17 ± 0.68	NA	NA
12.5	25.00 ± 0.67*	NA	NA	3.10 ± 1.49	NA	13.21 ± 1.79*	NA	NA
25	26.93 ± 0.52*	4.57 ± 2.41	NA	9.06 ± 1.24	NA	21.06 ± 0.25*	NA	NA
50	32.89 ± 1.50*	9.35 ± 0.75	NA	14.03 ± 1.32*	NA	22.66 ± 0.89*	NA	NA
100	41.88 ± 2.81*	22.08 ± 1.22*	NA	21.32 ± 1.43*	NA	30.33 ± 0.91*	NA	NA	23.75 ± 1.49*
Aqueous extract (µg/mL)
3.125	4.02 ± 2.22	NA	NA	8.16 ± 0.55	9.37 ± 1.69	NA	NA	NA
6.25	9.03 ± 0.56	NA	NA	13.27 ± 0.24*	15.74 ± 1.06*	NA	10.89 ± 0.49*	NA
12.5	14.89 ± 0.38*	NA	NA	16.56 ± 0.62*	19.56 ± 1.34*	NA	12.48 ± 0.33*	NA
25	16.15 ± 0.62*	0.36 ± 0.39	NA	20.51 ± 0.58*	24.84 ± 1.08*	NA	15.39 ± 0.42*	NA
50	20.37 ± 0.65*	13.80 ± 0.70*	NA	22.30 ± 1.00*	27.42 ± 0.97*	NA	25.61 ± 0.83*	NA
100	27.42 ± 0.80*	23.22 ± 0.63*	NA	27.57 ± 1.66*	36.31 ± 1.51*	NA	40.94 ± 0.19*	NA	17.31 ± 0.84*

* 𝑃<0.05, (NA: no activity).