Research Article
Berry and Citrus Phenolic Compounds Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Implications in Diabetes Management
Table 1
Anthocyanin (ANC) identification and quantification by HPLC at maximum absorption of 520 nm.
| | RT (min) | ANC ID | Anthocyanins (mg C3G equivalents/L) per blend (% Blueberry : % Blackberry) | | 100 : 0 | 75 : 25 | 25 : 75 | 0 : 100 | | ANC2 | ANC3 | ANC4 | ANC5 | ANC2 | ANC3 | ANC4 | ANC5 | ANC2 | ANC3 | ANC4 | ANC5 | ANC2 | ANC3 | ANC4 | ANC5 |
| | 24.44 | Delphinidin-3-galactoside | 6.3 | 10.8 | 10.0 | nd | 6.6 | 11.2 | nd | nd | 6.9 | 7.0 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | | 25.98 | Delphinidin-3-glucoside | nd | 26.8 | 45.5 | nd | 9.0 | 51.0 | 7.7 | nd | 12.3 | 17.7 | nd | nd | 8.8 | nd | nd | nd | | 27.33 | Cyanidin-3-galactoside | 6.1 | 6.5 | nd | nd | nd | 6.3 | nd | nd | 17.7 | nd | nd | 6.5 | 23.8 | nd | 6.9 | 7.0 | | 28.86 | Delphinidin-3-arabinoside | nd | 11.9 | 30.9 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1079.3 | 716.1 | 30.1 | 16.8 | 1244.7 | 794.1 | 35.8 | 17.8 | | 29.69 | Cyanidin-3-glucoside | 6.4 | 23.4 | nd | nd | 60.6 | 564.1 | 29.7 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 12.2 | nd | nd | 10.1 | 6.5 | 6.1 | nd | | 30.82 | Cyanidin-3-arabinoside | nd | 140.2 | 7.4 | nd | 11.0 | 16.7 | 8.0 | 7.2 | nd | 20.2 | 10.0 | nd | 116.8 | nd | 10.8 | 7.0 | | 31.62 | Petunidin-3-glucoside | 9.7 | 7.3 | 24.9 | 10.5 | 56.1 | 79.6 | 13.3 | 6.7 | 100.9 | nd | 12.2 | 6.6 | 9.6 | nd | 12.2 | 7.2 | | 32.69 | Peonidin-3-glucoside | 6.0 | 39.8 | nd | nd | 8.3 | 6.7 | nd | 8.0 | 8.4 | nd | 13.9 | 7.0 | 10.1 | 7.1 | 18.8 | 8.0 | | 33.95 | Petunidin-3-arabinoside | 5.9 | 178.5 | 22.5 | nd | nd | 34.5 | 9.1 | nd | 14.3 | 8.3 | 10.4 | 6.5 | 9.7 | nd | 9.7 | 9.9 | | 34.39 | Malvidin-3-galactoside | 74.8
*
| 292.1 | 13.2 | 6.2 | 266.1 | 32.7 | 14.5 | 6.4 | 38.4 | nd | 15.5 | nd | 6.7 | 6.3 | 15.9 | nd | | 35.19 | Malvidin-3-glucoside | 63.1 | 11.1 | 19.0 | 6.1 | 266.3 | 69.3 | 18.3 | 7.4 | 49.6 | 11.8 | 11.2 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 11.7 | 10.7 | 10.4 | | 37.14 | Malvidin-3-arabinoside | 5.9 | 278.9 | 19.7 | 8.3 | 91.5 | 127.2 | 24.5 | 9.2 | 44.7 | 150.2 | 30.6 | 6.5 | 7.5 | nd | 37.1 | 7.0 | | 39.03 | Delphinidin-6-acetyl-3-glucoside | nd | 7.3 | 17.9 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 12.6 | 11.4 | 6.4 | nd | nd | nd | 6.8 | nd | 7.2 | nd | 6.2 | | 40.55 | Cyanidin-6-acetyl-3-glucoside | nd | 7.8 | 6.7 | nd | 8.9 | nd | 6.6 | nd | 6.1 | nd | 7.3 | 6.9 | 43.9 | nd | nd | 7.1 | | 41.70 | Malvidin-6-acetyl-galactoside | nd | 26.7 | 7.1 | nd | nd | 13.6 | nd | nd | 7.7 | nd | 6.3 | nd | nd | nd | 7.2 | 6.6 | | 42.25 | Petunidin-6-acetyl-3-glucoside | nd | nd | 12.9 | 6.0 | nd | 11.9 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 6.9 | nd | | 44.40 | Malvidin-6-acetyl-3-glucoside | nd | 10.8 | 10.5 | nd | 11.5 | 19.4 | 8.4 | nd | nd | 8.9 | 8.1 | 6.4 | nd | 14.2 | 9.3 | 5.9 |
| | Sub-total ANC | 190.5 | 1113.7 | 275.6 | 74.0 | 864.0 | 1112.3 | 183.8 | 81.6 | 1448.2 | 1073.3 | 239.2 | 146.8 | 1550.4 | 1204.8 | 302.8 | 229.8 |
| | Total ANC | 1653.8 | 2241.7 | 2907.5 | 3267.8 |
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Bold numbers indicate the dominant flavonoids in that particular ANC fraction.
nd: peak not detected.
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