Review Article
History of Bioelectrical Study and the Electrophysiology of the Primo Vascular System
Table 3
A comparison of the electrophysiological characteristics between primo nodes, primo vessels, neurons, and muscle cells.
| | RP (mV) | APD (mV) | Drug-responsive | Reference |
| Neuron | −70 | 1 | Y | [19] | Muscle | | | | | Skeletal | −80 to −90 | 2 to 5 | Y | [20] | Cardiac | −85 to −95 | 200 to 400 | Y | [21] | Smooth | −50 to −60 | 10 to 50 | Y | [22] | Primo node | | | | | Skin | • | 0.1 | Y | [25] | Surface of a small intestine |
−39.9 to 15.5 |
1.2 to 0.6 | Y | [37] | Surface of a small intestine |
−36.6 to 1.38 | • | Y | [43] | Primo vessel | | | | | Skin | • | 0.1 | Y | [25] | Surface of a small intestine |
−10 to 4.7 | 20 40 | • | [44] | Surface of a small intestine | A: −13.1 to 0.7B: −38.6 to 3.0 | • | Y | [43] | Surface of a small intestine | • | A: 10.0 to 8.4B: 13.7 to 8.7 | • | [45] |
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RP: resting potential; TP: threshold potential; APD: action potential duration (bioelectrical activity).
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