Research Article

Effect of Eucalyptus Oil Inhalation on Pain and Inflammatory Responses after Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Table 2

General characteristics of the eucalyptus oil and control groups ( ).

CharacteristicsTotal
( )
Control
( )
Eucalyptus oil
( )
or P-value

Age (years)68.2 (7.6)67.5 (8.9)68.9 (6.1)0.69.49a
Gender
 Female48 (92.3)24 (88.9)24 (96)0.19.61b
 Male4 (7.7)3 (11.1)1 (4.0)
Surgical classification
 Unilateral37 (71.2)18 (66.7)19 (76.0)0.19.66c
 Bilateral15 (28.9)9 (33.3)6 (24.0)
BMI (kg/m2)26.4 (3.1)26.1 (3.23)26.7 (3.0)−0.68.50a
Education
 ≤Elementary34 (65.4)16 (59.3)18 (72.0)2.17.37b
 Middle5 (9.6)2 (7.4)3 (12)
 ≥High13 (25.0)9 (33.3)4 (16.0)
Marital status
 Married52 (100)27 (100)25 (100)
Employed
 Yes12 (23.1)7 (25.9)5 (20.0)0.03.86c
 No40 (76.9)20 (74.1)20 (80.0)
Duration of osteoarthritis (years)7.2 (5.5)6.0 (5.2)8.5 (5.7)−1.67.11a
Hypertension medication
 Yes38 (73.1)19 (70.4)19 (76)0.02.89c
 No14 (26.9)8 (29.6)6 (24)
Diabetes medication
 Yes15 (28.9)8 (29.6)7 (28)0.001.00c
 No37 (71.2)19 (70.4)18 (72)  

Data reported as mean (SD) or (%).
Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation, BMI: body mass index.
t-test.
Fisher's exact test.
Chi-square test.