Effects of Moxa (Folium Artemisiae argyi) Smoke Exposure on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Human Study

Table 3

Comparison of the percentage changes/changes in HR and HRV parameters between the groups in the first test of the week.

	Experimental group	Control group	𝑃 value
HR^1,a
Before-during	−0.04±0.03	−0.04±0.04	0.75
Before-after	−0.06±0.05	−0.06±0.04	0.92
SDNN^1,b
Before-during	0.19 (0.35)	0.20 (0.29)	0.74
Before-after	0.22 (0.42)	0.14 (0.33)	0.62
RMSSD^1,b
Before-during	0.18 (0.38)	0.09 (0.35)	0.78
Before-after	0.18 (0.36)	0.15 (0.42)	0.89
PNN50^2,b
Before-during	4.03 (10.34)	4.88 (11.44)	0.56
Before-after	4.32 (8.46)	5.26 (15.3)	0.72
lnTP^1,b
Before-during	0.03 (0.09)	0.04 (0.09)	0.58
Before-after	0.05 (0.08)	0.04 (0.07)	0.60
lnHF^1,b
Before-during	0.05 (0.1)	0.04 (0.11)	0.46
Before-after	0.05 (0.09)	0.04 (0.11)	0.45
lnLF^1,b
Before-during	0.03 (0.15)	0.04 (0.09)	0.57
Before-after	0.03 (0.17)	0.04 (0.18)	0.82
LF/HF^2,b
Before-during	0.11 (0.51)	0.09 (0.34)	0.89
Before-after	−0.03 (0.64)	−0.15 (0.85)	0.79

Number 1 indicates percentage changes; number 2 indicates data changes. Values are expressed as ^amean ± standard deviation and ^bmedian (interquartile range). No significant differences were found between the groups using ^aindependent two-sample t-test and ^bMann-Whitney 𝑈 test.