Aqueous Extract of Solanum nigrum Leaves Induces Autophagy and Enhances Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Docetaxel, and 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells

Table 1

IC₅₀ of AE-SN alone and in combination with cisplatin, doxorubicin, docetaxel, or 5-Fu in DLD-1 and HT-29 cells.

			DLD-1						HT-29
				AE-SN						AE-SN
			0.2 mg/ml		0.5 mg/ml				0.5 mg/ml		1.0 mg/ml
Regimens	Dose	IC50^a	IC50^b	CI	IC50^b	CI	Dose	IC50^a	IC50^b	CI	IC50^b	CI
AE-SN (mg/mL)		0.541						0.948
Cisplatin (μM)		35.565	14.682		0.354			19.032	2.533		0.545
	0.5			0.207		4.582	2			0.604		0.611
	1			0.205		4.108	5			0.689		0.414
	5			0.248		3.511	10			0.669		0.288
	10			0.129		1.207	20			0.561		0.34
	50			0.063		0.426	50			0.986		0.643
	100			0.053		0.281	100			1.844		1.267
Doxorubicin (μM)		3.556	0.621		0.091			11.863	7.945		0.131
	0.05			7.221		17.851	0.2			1.012		2.838
	0.1			2.576		4.91	0.5			3.033		4.382
	0.5			0.592		1.394	1			1.473		1.904
	1			0.293		0.165	2			0.679		0.428
	5			0.674		0.429	5			1.21		0.429
	10			1.081		0.822	10			1.097		0.981
Docetaxel (nM)		6.166	2.041		1.887			4.127	1.186		0.021
	0.05			3.791		7.585	0.05			16.083		18.362
	0.1			3.216		5.008	0.1			2.336		7.342
	0.5			0.888		2.005	0.5			2.577		6.031
	1			0.441		0.545	1			2.564		4.714
	5			0.479		0.235	5			0.331		0.211
	10			0.825		0.397	10			0.729		0.245
5-Fu		NA^c	NA^c		6.131			NA^c	18.51		2.747
	1			1.229		1.409				1.464		2.747
	5			1.446		1.265				1.202		0.537
	10			0.083		0.429				0.479		0.316
	50			1.139		0.948				0.84		1.018
	100			1.987		1.869				1.85		2.376

aCells treated by AE-SN alone; bcells treated by a combination of AE-SN and the respective chemotherapeutic drug.
AE-SN: aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum; IC₅₀: half maximal inhibitory concentration.
CI < 1 = synergistic effect.
cNA: data not available.