Research Article

Evaluation of Aromatic Plants and Compounds Used to Fight Multidrug Resistant Infections

Table 2

Antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of aromatic medicinal plants and essential oils evaluated against multidrug resistant (MDR) human pathogens at 100 µg/mL concentration.

Scientific name Microorganisms; growth inhibition zones (6 millimeter in diameters)
KHWTESK.pK.prP.aS.aSt.pS.pV.dV.d

Adhatoda vasica Nees2819221812101716
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb.291791015
Alangium salvifolium (L.) f. Wangerin.15108812910
Andrographis echioides L.1291789
Andrographis paniculata Wallich ex Nees262119132581612
Acalypha indica L.18
Acalypha lanceolata L.12131021
Achyranthes aspera L.714151211
Ageratum conyzoides L.108
Asteracantha longifolia L.161215
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.1517211614231214
Borassus flabellifer L.910178910
Boerhavia erecta L.89716
Calotropis procera (L.)1518289
Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br.ex Ait1192098
Cardiospermum halicacabum L.2314919
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don.13712915118
Cassia auriculata L.1713121913
Cassia occidentalis L.18
Cassia tora L.
Cassia fistula L.
Citrus acida Roxb. Hook.f.262212299138
Cissus quadrangularis L.
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Garcin ex Blume 141672022197
Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume2016151612
Rosmarinus officinalis L. 91078
Centella asiatica (L.)9811
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. 1371215118
Clitoria ternatea L.
Clitoria ternatea L.161213810
Cleome gynandropsis L.12191191512
Cleome viscose L.8101420
Coccinia grandis W & A910178910
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)16181714
Datura metel L.
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk20910
Euphorbia hirta Linn1116
Eucalyptus globulus Labill.77
Eugenia caryophyllus Bullock & Harrison71198
Elettaria cardamomum White et Mason2120714221217
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.81087
Ichnocarpus  frutescens (L.) W.J. Aiton
Jatropha curcas L.811127
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link91017812910
Lawsonia inermis L.
Madhuca longifolia (L.) JF Macbr1816141912879
Merremia hastate L. (Desr.) Hallier.f.
Morinda tinctoria Roxb
Mentha piperita L. 23172612202519
Ocimum sanctum L. 1291171578
Oldenlandia umbellata L. 17
Piper attenuatum Buch. Hamex Miq.137122117118
Plumbago zeylanica (L.) Cav 91017812910
Plectranthus amboinicus (L.) Spreng.81115
Phyllanthus debilis L. (Klein ex Willd)7899187
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.17
Premna tomentosa Willd.131015910
Gloriosa superba L.171678158
Sebastiania chamaelea (L.) Muell Arg.19121713198
Solanum trilobatum L.1398
Sphaeranthus indicus L.20182172211916
Swertia chirata (L.) Ham.
Terminalia arjuna (W. & A)16
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hoof.f & Thoms23161215
Tridax procumbens L.98714
Tragia involucrata L.25232031282219
Vitex negundo L.14
Vetiveria zizanioides (L.)11977168
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal12201512
Zingiber officinale Rosc.14117157127
Zanthoxylum limonella (Dennst.) Alston137129118
Chloramphenicol (30 µg/disc)21121517291615181311
Ceftazidime (30 µg/disc)33162219162521201215

*Bacteria (+/−). Results obtained in the disc diffusion assay; antibacterial activity is expressed as the mean ± SD ( ), of the inhibition by the extract and its diameter around the discs. One way analysis of variance was performed (mean ± SD, replicates). Size of inhibition zones were including the sterile blank discs 6 millimeter (mm) in diameters. Absence of bacterial inhibition indicates (—), antibiotic disc (30 µg/disc).