The Stimulation Effect of Auricular Magnetic Press Pellets on Older Female Adults with Sleep Disturbance Undergoing Polysomnographic Evaluation

Table 2

Comparisons of seven components and global score of PSQI between the experimental group and the control group by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Items of PSQI	Pretest		Posttest		ANCOVA
	Experiment; (𝑛=14)	Control; (𝑛=13)	Experiment; (𝑛=14)	Control; (𝑛=13)	F	P value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
C1. Sleep quality	2.47±0.52	2.46±0.52	0.80±0.56	1.31±0.75	4.73	0.04*
C2. Sleep latency	2.87±0.52	2.69±0.63	1.33±0.82	1.77±0.73	2.48	0.13
C3. Sleep duration	2.53±0.64	2.54±0.66	1.07±0.70	1.92±0.95	5.17	0.03*
C4. Sleep efficiency	2.33±0.82	2.62±0.77	0.80±1.15	1.85±1.14	5.41	0.02*
C5. Sleep disturbances	1.00±0.38	1.08±0.28	0.73±0.46	1.15±0.38	7.06	0.01*
C6. Sleeping medication	1.07±1.28	0.77±1.24	0.00±0.00	0.15±0.38	0.84	0.37
C7. Daytime dysfunction	1.20±1.08	1.54±0.97	0.33±0.62	1.08±0.95	4.47	0.04*
PSQI global score	13.40±2.90	13.69±1.97	5.07±2.63	9.23±3.63	9.10	0.00**

∗P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.