Resveratrol Impedes the Stemness, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer Stem Cells in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through p53 Activation
Figure 2
NPC CSCs manifested characteristics of stemness, EMT, and metabolic reprogramming. (a) Images of immunofluorescence staining for Oct4 expression show overexpression and nuclear translocation of Oct4 in TW01 CSCs compared with the negative control of TW01 parental cells. (b) Immunofluorescence staining indicates the transition of epithelial marker (E-cad: E-cadherin) and mesenchymal marker (Vim: Vimentin) in TW01 parental cells and CSCs. Scale bars in (a) and (b) indicate 25 μm. (c) Western blots confirm the EMT of TW01 CSCs at the protein level. (d) Wound healing assay showed higher migratory behavior of TW01 CSCs compared with TW01 parental cells. Full wound closure was observed in TW01 CSCs after 10 hours. (e) The O2 consumption rates supported by ADP and succinate were lower in TW01 CSCs compared with TW01 parental cells. (f) TW01 CSCs had higher levels of lactate production than did TW01 parental cells. (g) Intracellular H2O2 level was relatively lower in TW01 CSCs compared with that in TW01 parental cells measured by H2DCFDA staining. (*; **).
