Resveratrol Impedes the Stemness, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer Stem Cells in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through p53 Activation
Figure 3
Resveratrol suppressed CSC properties. (a) Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of different concentration of resveratrol (RV) in TW01 parental cells and CSCs. Significant effects are shown with concentration more than 50 μM. Capacities for (b) tumor sphere formation, (c) soft agar colony formation, and (d) percentage of the side population were suppressed in TW01 CSCs after 50 μM resveratrol treatment. (e) Migration capacity analyzed by wound healing assay and (f) invasive capacity measured by transwell invasion assay were suppressed by 50 μM resveratrol in TW01 CSCs. (g) Resveratrol could increase the radiosensitivity of TW01 CSCs in a concentration-dependent manner measured by survival fraction assay. (h) Resveratrol (50 μM) altered the expression of indicated genes in TW01 CSCs. E-cad: E-cadherin; N-cad: N-cadherin; Vim: vimentin; FN1: fibronectin 1; PDK: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Data were normalized with the mRNA expression level of 18S rRNA and compared with those of TW01 CSCs without resveratrol treatment on a log scale. (*; **; ***).
