Novel Bioactivity of Ellagic Acid in Inhibiting Human Platelet Activation

<table>Hypothesis of the inhibitory signaling of ellagic acid in platelet activation. Collagen activates the phospholipase C<svg height="12.175" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6374998 12.175" width="8.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>2 (PLC<svg height="12.175" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6374998 12.175" width="8.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M478 372q0 -39 -31 -97t-61 -98t-78 -98q-45 -55 -73 -102q-13 -79 -13 -197q-11 -11 -43.5 -25.5t-53.5 -15.5l-15 17q5 35 26 101.5t47 123.5q8 72 -1.5 174.5t-37.5 178.5q-14 37 -29 37q-20 0 -67 -65l-25 21q37 60 73 90.5t63 30.5q47 0 72 -112q13 -56 17.5 -141.5
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</svg>2), diacylglycerol (DAG), protein kinase C (PKC) cascade, and/or hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and hydroxyl radical (OH<sup>●</sup>) formation, which then activates PI3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Ellagic acid may inhibit both PLC<svg height="12.175" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6374998 12.175" width="8.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M478 372q0 -39 -31 -97t-61 -98t-78 -98q-45 -55 -73 -102q-13 -79 -13 -197q-11 -11 -43.5 -25.5t-53.5 -15.5l-15 17q5 35 26 101.5t47 123.5q8 72 -1.5 174.5t-37.5 178.5q-14 37 -29 37q-20 0 -67 -65l-25 21q37 60 73 90.5t63 30.5q47 0 72 -112q13 -56 17.5 -141.5
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</svg>2-DAG-PKC cascade and hydroxyl radical formation and ultimately inhibits platelet activation. DTS: dense tubular system; IP<sub>3</sub>: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.</table>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Figure 6

Figure 6: Novel Bioactivity of Ellagic Acid in Inhibiting Human Platelet Activation 