Amelioration of Cadmium-Produced Teratogenicity and Genotoxicity in Mice Given Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) Treatment

Table 4

Effect of maternal exposure to cadmium (Cd) and Arthrospira maxima (AM) on the visceral morphology of fetus.

Treatment; (mg/kg)	Examined fetuses	Number of fetuses with visceral abnormalities
		Head		Kidney
		Hydrocephaly	Hypoplasia	Ectopic	Hypoplasia
Water	63	0^b	0^b	0^b	0^b
Tween	64	0^b	0^b	0^b	0^b
AM (800)	62	0^b	0^b	0^b	0^b
Cd (1.5)	63	5 (7.93)^a	5 (7.93)^a	9 (14.28)^a	6 (9.52)^a
AM + Cd (200)	61	3 (4.91)^a,b	2 (3.27)^a,b	7 (11.47)^a,b	4 (6.55)^a,b
AM + Cd (400)	64	2 (3.12)^a,b	1 (1.56)^a,b	4 (6.25)^a,b	3 (4.68)^a,b
AM + Cd (800)	63	0^b	0^b	1 (1.58)^a,b	1 (1.58)^a,b

The determinations were made with 8 pregnant mice per group. Values inside parenthesis represent percentage. ^aStatistically significant difference with respect to the control value and ^bwith respect to the value of Cd treated mice. 𝑋²-test followed by Fisher’s exact test; 𝑃<0.05.