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Study | Outcome measures | Conclusion |
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Allegra et al., 1981 [38] | Pain, heaviness, leg oedema, trophic lesions, easy tiredness, skin hypothermia, varicosities, and tolerance | Improves venous reflux in patients |
Marastoni et al., 1982 [39] | Night cramps, painful limbs, numbness, heaviness, orthostatic oedema, and altered skin trophism | Improves clinical observations of venous insufficiency and venous tone |
Pointel et al., 1987 [40] | Venous distensibility, % of patients with improved heaviness in legs, oedema, and standing leg pain | TTFCA is well tolerated and superior to placebo in the treatment of venous insufficiency |
Cesarone et al., 1994 [41] | RF, tcPCO2, and tcPO2 | Effective in venous hypertensive microangiopathy |
Cesarone et al., 2001a [42] | RF, CFR (measured as RAS) | Improves microcirculation with venous hypertension and venous microangiopathy |
Cesarone et al., 2001b [43] | RF, VAR, tcPCO2, tcPO2, and RT | Improves microcirculation and leg volume in venous hypertension |
De Sanctis et al., 2001 [44] | CFR, RT | Reduces the increased capillary filtration in patients with venous hypertension |
Incandela et al., 2001 [45] | BRF, VAR, tcPCO2, and tcPO2 | Useful for treatment of venous hypertensive microangiopathy |
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