A Taiwanese Propolis Derivative Induces Apoptosis through Inducing Endoplasmic Reticular Stress and Activating Transcription Factor-3 in Human Hepatoma Cells
Figure 3
The propolis derivative, GS-002, induced cell apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Hep3B cells were treated with various concentrations of GS-002 for 24 h, and (a) the subG1 population was determined by a flow cytometric analysis; (b) apoptotic cells were determined by a flow cytometric analysis with annexin-V/PI staining; and (c) the DNA fraction was extracted and chromatographed by agarose gel electrophoresis. (d) Hep3B cells were treated with 20 μg/mL of GS-002 for the indicated time periods. Total cell lysates were used to detect the protein expression of full-length PPAR (FU-PPAR), cleaved form of PPAR (CF-PPAR), cleaved form of caspase-3 (CF-caspase-3), cleaved form of caspase-9 (CF-caspase-9), Bad, and α-tubulin by Western blotting.
