Evaluation of a Seven-Week Web-Based Happiness Training to Improve Psychological Well-Being, Reduce Stress, and Enhance Mindfulness and Flourishing: A Randomized Controlled Occupational Health Study

Table 3

Descriptive statistics and between-group-effects of the questionnaire.

Questionnaire	𝑡0					𝑡1					𝑡2
𝑁=101	M	SD	Mann-Whitney; U	𝑃	𝑑	M	SD	Mann-Whitney; U	𝑃	𝑑	M	SD	Mann-Whitney; U	𝑃	𝑑
Happiness
IG; CG	3.76; 3.81	1.01; 1.41	1164.5	0.461	0.04	4.52; 3.38	1.13; 1.34	603	0.000**	0.93	4.35; 3.23	1.01; 1.37	681	0.000**	0.92
Satisfaction
IG; CG	3.80; 3.68	1.00; 1.43	1265.5	0.980	0.10	4.54; 3.19	1.13; 1.19	532	0.000**	1.17	4.54; 3.30	0.97; 1.32	588.5	0.000**	1.10
Quality of life
IG; CG	13.09; 12.04	4.17; 5.61	1154	0.432	0.22	15.15; 10.23	3.90; 5.48	624	0.000**	1.06	15.04; 10.55	4.32; 5.34	664.5	0.000**	0.94
Stress Warning; Signals-Sum
IG; CG	184.80; 207.60	92.27; 112.91	1157.5	0.448	0.22	147.28; 212.32	87.57; 117.32	839.5	0.003*	0.64	133.09; 217.74	74.64; 125.26	741.5	0.000**	0.84
Muscular
IG; CG	22.30; 23.83	12.68; 15.02	1234	0.812	0.11	18.91; 25.43	11.94; 14.43	930	0.021	0.50	18.52; 23.30	11.61; 14.96	1053.5	0.142	0.36
Vegetative-; endocrinological
IG; CG	60.78; 69.30	34.27; 40.91	1109.5	0.277	0.23	50.22; 71.17	29.54; 43.99	900.5	0.012	0.57	46.19; 73.72	27.22; 47.52	808	0.002*	0.73
Cognitive
IG; CG	27.89; 33.34	15.80; 20.63	1133	0.354	0.30	22.59; 33.15	16.23; 19.51	878	0.008*	0.60	21.13; 33.72	13.81; 20.48	800.5	0.001*	0.74
Emotional
IG; CG	36.30; 40.77	20.84; 23.91	1141.5	0.385	0.20	26.93; 42.00	20.65; 23.87	757	0.000**	0.69	23.13; 43.43	15.43; 25.67	661.5	0.000**	0.98
Behavioral
IG; CG	37.54; 40.36	22.08; 26.48	1248	0.886	0.12	28.63; 40.58	18.03; 26.09	950.5	0.030	0.54	24.13; 43.57	16.39; 27.68	714	0.000**	0.88
Mindfulness
IG; CG	35.89; 34.98	6.54; 8.38	1139.5	0.377	0.12	39.43; 35.17	6.42; 7.43	866	0.006*	0.62	39.50; 35.19	6.97; 7.43	835	0.003*	0.61
Recovery experience
IG; CG	49.85; 50.70	9.05; 11.55	1266	0.770	0.08	54.57; 47.81	9.47; 12.29	824.5	0.002*	0.63	53.87; 49.49	10.30; 12.94	1006.5	0.074	0.38
Flourishing
IG; CG	42.74; 43.04	6.51; 8.62	1120	0.309	0.04	46.13; 43.06	7.19; 7.71	951	0.030	0.42	45.70; 43.85	6.73; 8.11	1104.5	0.262	0.25

^∗𝑃<0.01, ^∗∗𝑃<0.001.