Review Article

Recent Progress of Propolis for Its Biological and Chemical Compositions and Its Botanical Origin

Table 3

Identified compounds in ethanol extracts of propolis.

SampleCompounds identifiedReference

Bulgarian propolis3,7-Dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanone 2,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone[50]

North and South BulgariaDihydrocaffeic acid
Dihydroferulic acid
Dihydroxyacetophenone hydroxymethoxyacetophenone
β-Phenethyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol pinobanksin
Pinostrobin
Dimethyl kaempferol
[51]

Brazil/São Paulo state3-Prenyl-4-dihydrocinnamoloxynnamic acid[23]

Brazil/São Paulo state/Botucatu city9-E and 9-Z 2,2-Dimethyl-6-carboxyethenyl-8-prenyl-2H-benzopyran[52]

Brazil/São Paulo stateDehydroabietic acid
Abietic acid
β-Amyrine
Triterpenic alcohol of amyrine
Lanosterol isomer with 9(11) double bond
[53]

Not reported(E)-2,3-Dihydroconiferyl p-coumarate
(E)-3-{2,3-Dihydro-2-[2-[(E)-pcoumaroyloxy]-1-methylethyl]-5-benzofuranyl}-2-propenoic acid
(E)-4-(2,3-Dihydrocinnamoyloxy) cinnamic acid
(E)-3-(2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl)-2-propenoic acid
(E)-3-[2,3-Dihydro-2-(1-methylethenyl)-5-benzofuranyl]-2-propenoic acid
(E)-3-[2,3-Dihydro-2-(1-methylethenyl)-7-prenyl-5-benzofuranyl]-2-propenoic acid
(E)-3-{3-[(E)-4-(2,3-Dihydrocinnamoyloxy)-3-methyl-2-butenyl]-4-hydroxy-5-prenylphenyl}-2-propenoic acid
Dihydrokaempferol (aromadendrin)
6-Methoxykaempferol
4-Hydroxy-3-prenylbenzoic acid
Plicatin B
Capillartemisin A
[54]

Japan/OkinawaProkinawan[55]

Brazilian propolis type 6Hyperibone A[56]

Mexico/Champoton1-(3′,4′-Dihydroxy-2′-methoxyphenyl)-3-(phenyl)propane
(z)-1-(2′-Methoxy-4′,5′-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-phenyl)propene
3-Hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxyflavan
(−)-7-Hidroxyflavanone
(−)-Mucronulatol
(−)-Arizonicanol a
(+)-Vestitol  
(−)-Melilotocarpan a
(−)-Melilotocarpan d
(+)-Pinocembrin
[57]

Greece (six regions)18-Hydroxyabieta-8, 11,13-triene
Dihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene; hydroxydehydroabietic acid
18-Succinyloxyabietadiene
18-Succinyloxyabietadiene (isomer)
18-Succinyloxyhydroxyabietatriene
[58]

Kenyan propolisTetrahydrojusticidin B
6-Methoxydiphyllin
Phyllamyricin C
Macarangin
Schweinfurthin A
Schweinfurthin B
[59]

Indonesia/East Java province/Batu city5-Pentadecylresorcinol
5-(8′z, 11′z Heptadecadienyl)-resorcional
5-(11′z-Heptadecenyl)-resorcinol
5-Heptadecylresorcional
Propolin d
Propolin c
Propolin f
Propolin g
[60]

Jordanian propolis24(z)-1β-3β-Dihydroxyeupha-7,24-dien-26-oic acid[61]

Honduras(E, Z)-Cinnamyl cinnamate[62]

Solomon islandSolophenol (A)[63]