Effect of Brazilian Propolis on Exacerbation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mice Exposed to Tetrabromobisphenol A, a Brominated Flame Retardant

Table 1

Anti-RSV activity and cytotoxicity of TBBPA and AF-08 in vitro.

	μg/mL	% of viable cells in MTT assay	% of plaque numbers in plaque reduction assay
TBBPA	0	100	100
	0.5	102.0±7.9	95.2±24.4
	1.6	94.8±3.5	87.1±8.4
	5.4	98.8±5.6	91.9±9.7
	16.3	86.9±1.3	80.6±10.1
	54.4	54.9±7.5	++*
AF-08	0	100	100
	0.1	—	93.8±8.1
	0.5	—	82.8±31.2
	1	—	74.2±3.6
	5	66.9±7.2	++*
	20	56.5±5.3	—
	40	33.0±1.7	—
Ribavirin	0	—	100
	1	—	75.0±12.5
	5	—	29.2±20.1
	10	—	10.4±7.5
	15	—	0

Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the mean of three to five independent experiments.
(—) indicates that experiments were not done.
*% of plaque numbers could not be determined, because of the absence of more than 50% of uninfected and stained cells from the surface of dishes.