Effect of Brazilian Propolis on Exacerbation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mice Exposed to Tetrabromobisphenol A, a Brominated Flame Retardant

Table 2

Effect of AF-08 on cytokine concentrations in BALF from RSV-infected mice exposed or unexposed to TBBPA.

Cytokines	Concentrations ± SE (pg/mL) in BALF
	Control	AF-08	TBBPA	TBBPA + AF-08
Day 1
IFN-γ	23.9±4.3	30.0±5.3	56.2±10.9	33.1±6.8
TNF-α	271.6±25.2	148.1±76.2^c	339.0±22.3^a	122.1±17.9^b,d
IL-6	1076.1 ± 150.9	848.7 ± 341.7	926.1 ± 183.8	<470.0 ± 305.3
IL-4	<28.0 ± 11.4	<20.0 ± 0.0	<28.0 ± 11.4	<20.0 ± 0.0
IL-10	144.0 ± 63.1	149.4 ± 45.4	208.7 ± 69.9	102.3 ± 35.6
Day 5
IFN-γ	2557.4±117.4	1507.6±491.9^a,c	3348.3±410.8^a	1108.3±511.3^a,c
TNF-α	<40.0	<40.0	<40.0	<40.0
IL-6	111.8±26.7	<28.7 ± 15.0^b	<67.7 ± 60.9	<20.0 ± 0.0^b
IL-4	<20.0 ± 0.0	<20.0 ± 0.0	<20.6 ± 1.0	<36.4 ± 28.3
IL-10	197.4±37.4	118.2±9.5^a	195.5±99.2	110.7±68.1

BALF was collected from 3-4 mice in each group on day 1 and day 5 after infection. Each BALF was analyzed to determine cytokine concentrations by ELISA. ^aP < 0.05 versus control by Student’s t-test. ^bP < 0.01 versus control by Student’s t-test. ^cP < 0.05 versus TBBPA by Student’s t-test. ^dP < 0.01 versus TBBPA by Student’s t-test.