Activity-Guided Isolation of Bioactive Constituents with Antinociceptive Activity from Muntingia calabura L. Leaves Using the Formalin Test

Table 4

The antinociceptive profile of pure compounds isolated from fraction D of PEP administered orally and assessed using the formalin test in rats.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	First phase (s)	Percentage of inhibition (%)	Second phase (s)	Percentage of inhibition (%)
10% DMSO		83.2±2.7	—	149.0±2.7	—
1	50	81.2±2.0	2.5	132.8±3.2^w	10.9
	100	68.7±2.2^a	17.4	129.3±1.6^w	13.2
2	50	73.2±3.8	12.0	120.8±3.6^x	18.9
	100	64.7±2.5^a	22.2	89.5±8.1^y	39.9
3	50	54.5±2.1^b	34.5	83.7±1.2^y	43.8
	100	ND	—	ND	—
4	50	69.5±2.2^a	16.4	119.0±2.0^x	20.1
	100	47.0±2.0^c	43.5	63.8±4.0^z	57.2

a,b,cData with different superscript differed significantly (𝑃<0.05) when compared to the DMSO-treated group in the first phase.
^w,x,y,zData with different superscript differed significantly (𝑃<0.05) when compared to the DMSO-treated group in the second phase.
Values are mean ± S.E.M of 6 animals.