A New Herbal Formula, KSG-002, Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Targeting NF-κB-Dependent TNFα Production in Macrophages
Figure 2
KSGs do not affect viabilities of both normal and tumor cells. (a) Cell viabilities of different cell types. Experiments were repeated three times in triplicate. Representative data show the mean and standard deviation. (b) Migration assays. MDA-MB-231 cells were scratched and treated with either KSG-001 or KSG-002 at 50 μg/mL for 24 hours. Cells migrated from the wound edge were counted. Experiments were performed three times. Representative data show the means ± standard deviations. (c) Invasion assays. MDA-MB-231 cells cultured on the upper chamber precoated with Matrigels were added with serum-reduced medium, and the bottom chamber was added with complete medium. KSG-001 or KSG-002 was added on the upper chamber. Invaded cells were stained with crystal violet and counted. Experiments were repeated three times. Data indicate means ± standard deviations. (d) Anchorage-independent growth assays. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in soft agars for 15 days and stained with crystal violet. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Data represent means ± standard deviations.
