A Module Analysis Approach to Investigate Molecular Mechanism of TCM Formula: A Trial on Shu-feng-jie-du Formula

Table 5

Literature-verified pathways related to influenza infection corresponding to four pharmacological units.

Module	Enriched pathways	𝑃-value	Rank	Reference
1	Regulation of G1/S transition (part 2)	4.137𝑒−24	1	[56]
	Influence of Ras and Rho proteins on G1/S Transition	2.156𝑒−23	2
	EGFR signaling pathway	2.803𝑒−20	3	[57]
	TGF-beta-dependent induction of EMT via MAPK	2.603𝑒−18	5	[58]
	AKT signaling	5.258𝑒−16	7	[59]
	Brca1 as a transcription regulator	1.710𝑒−15	9	[60]
	Histamine H1 receptor signaling in immune response	3.503𝑒−15	10	[61]
2	Estradiol metabolism (human version)	4.213𝑒−9	5	[62]
	Estradiol metabolism	1.293𝑒−7	7
	Estradiol metabolism (rodent version)	1.832𝑒−7	8
	Benzo[a]pyrene metabolism	4.024𝑒−7	9	[63]
	PGE2 signaling in immune response	6.146𝑒−7	10	[64]
4	Apoptotic TNF-family pathways	8.253𝑒−32	1	[65]
	Role of IAP-proteins in apoptosis	6.132𝑒−27	2	[66]
	FAS signaling cascades	6.374𝑒−20	4	[67]
	Inhibition of angiogenesis by PEDF	2.792𝑒−13	8	[68]
	Granzyme B signaling	3.712𝑒−13	9	[69]
	Ceramides signaling pathway	2.652𝑒−12	10	[70]
5	TGF, WNT, and cytoskeletal remodeling	3.303𝑒−9	1	[71]
	Chemokines and adhesion	1.360𝑒−7	2	[72]
	Cytoskeleton remodeling	1.502𝑒−7	3	[73]
	HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway	5.901𝑒−7	5	[74]
	HSP60 and HSP70/TLR signaling pathway	4.805𝑒−5	9	[75]
	MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation	3.981𝑒−4	10	[76]

∗The rank is the order of ascending 𝑃 values of enriched pathways corresponding to each primary pharmacological unit.