Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Effect and Mechanisms of Acupuncture for Ovulation Induction

Figure 3

Schematic illustration of a hypothetical mechanism explaining the effects of acupuncture in PCOS. (1) Stimulation of acupuncture needles in skeletal muscle excites ergoreceptors that activate afferent sensory nerve fibers. These signals are transmitted to the spinal cord where they (2) through spinal reflexes may modulate the sympathetic output to the target organs in the same area of innervation. (3) Signals also reach the central nervous system via supraspinal pathways where they can exert central effects. Hypothalamic β-endorphin is implicated in the effect of acupuncture. It modulates the autonomic system but may also alter the release of GnRH and CRH. (4) These can enable an effect on reproductive function (via LH and FSH), adrenal function (ACTH), and pancreatic function (circulating β-endorphins). (ACTH: adrenocorticotrophic hormone, CNS: central nervous system, CRH: corticotrophin releasing hormone, EA: electroacupuncture, FFA: free fatty acids, FSH: follicle stimulating hormone, GnRH: gonadotropin releasing hormone, and LH: luteinizing hormone).