Long-Term Exercise and Risk of Metabolic and Cardiac Diseases: The Erlangen Fitness and Prevention Study

Table 2

Per protocol analysis: changes in the exercise and control groups for primary and secondary study endpoints.

	Exercise; MV (SD); 𝑛=51	Control; MV (SD); 𝑛=43	Absolute difference; MV (95% CI)	P	Effect size (d)
10-year CHD risk
Baseline (%)	8.39±3.27	7.42±2.58	—	—	—
12 y follow-up (%)	11.04±3.16	12.81±3.08	3.89	—	—
Risk changes (%)	2.65±2.09^∗∗∗	5.40±3.30^∗∗∗	2.75 (1.61 to 3.89)	0.001	0.90
Metabolic syndrome Z-score
Baseline (%)	−2.44±2.39	−3.65±2.84	—	—	—
12 y follow-up (%)	−2.88±3.01	−2.04±3.77	—	—	—
Changes (%)	−0.42±1.03^∗∗	1.61±1.88^∗∗∗	2.03 (1.42 to 2.64)	0.001	1.36
10-year myocardial infarction/cardiac death risk (hard 10-year CHD risk)
Baseline (%)	1.78±1.44	1.60±1.26	—	—	—
12 y follow-up (%)	3.84±1.41	4.86±2.01	—	—	—
Risk changes (%)	2.06±1.17^∗∗∗	3.26±1.31^∗∗∗	1.20 (0.68 to 1.71)	0.001	0.97

Significance (P) for within-group effects: ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001. Exact significance values are listed in the Result Section.