Effectiveness of Panax ginseng on Acute Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Was Abolished by Flutamide via Endogenous Testosterone-Mediated Akt Pathway

Figure 2

Outline of experimental protocol to evaluate the effects of flutamide on cardioprotection of RSE against myocardial I/R injury in rats. Sham: sham operation group; IRI: I/R injury group with vehicle treatment; RSE, I/R injury with RSE 80 mg/kg treatment; RSE + Flu: I/R injury group with RSE 80 mg/kg + flutamide 10 mg/kg treatment. 6 time points include 0 min, 30 min, and 60 min after pretreatment; 15 min after ischemia; 30 min after ischemia; 90 min after reperfusion. Heart tissue and blood sample were collected, respectively (𝑛: number of rats at each time point). *: heart and serum samples were collected for Western blot analysis, NO production and testosterone concentration assays. #: heart and serum samples were collected for TTC staining, CK and LDH activities determinations.