Ethnomedicinal Practices for Treating Liver Disorders of Local Communities in the Southern Regions of Korea

Table 2

Information about ethnomedicinal practices recorded from residents in the research area.

Liver disorders	Scientific name	Korean name	Number of mentions	Kind	Used part	Preparation	Application	FL
Fatigue recovery	Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck et Schlegel	Euneo	1	Animal	Whole part	Sashimi	Oral	100.0
	Vespa mandarinia (Cameron)	Jangsumalbeol	12	Animal	Hive, imago, larva	Dissolution	Oral	100.0
	Vespula flaviceps lewisii (Cameron)	Ttangbeol	18	Animal	Hive, imago, larva	Dissolution	Oral	100.0
Hangover	Hovenia dulcis Thunb.	Heotgaenamu	4	Plant	Fruit, leaf	Decoction	Oral	3.2
	Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.	Minari	4	Plant	Aerial part	Maceration	Oral	10.3
Hepatitis	Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.: Fr.) Karst.	Yeongjibeoseot	1	Fungi	Whole part	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Plantago asiatica L.	Jilgyeongi	2	Plant	Leaf	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe)	Huinjeombagikkonmuji	10	Animal	Larva	Decoction	Oral	21.7
	Sedum sarmentosum Bunge	Dollamul	18	Plant	Whole part	Juice	Oral	22.5
	Sophora flavescens Solander ex Aiton	Gosam	7	Plant	Root	Pill	Oral	100.0
	Viola mandshurica W. Becker	Jebikkot	2	Plant	Whole part	Decoction	Oral	50.0
Jaundice	Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.	Darae	3	Plant	Sap	Raw	Oral	100.0
	Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne.	Eureumdeonggul	4	Plant	Stem	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Artemisia capillaris Thunb.	Sacheolssuk	344	Plant	Aerial part, leaf, stem, whole part	A sweet drink made from fermented rice, brewing, decoction, dried, grain syrup, infusion, juice, pill, simmer	Oral	75.6
	Artemisia gmelinii Weber ex Stechm.	Deowijigi	1	Plant	Whole part	A sweet drink made from fermented rice, brewing, infusion	Oral	100.0
	Artemisia princeps Pamp.	Ssuk	10	Plant	Leaf	Rubbing	Topical	83.3
	Aster scaber Thunb.	Chamchwi	8	Plant	Leaf	Parboiled	Oral	100.0
	Bombyx mori (Linne)	Nuenabang	1	Animal	Larva	Dried, powder, steam	Oral	100.0
	Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehder	Goldamcho	8	Plant	Root	A sweet drink made from fermented rice	Oral	100.0
	Catalpa ovata G. Don	Gaeodong	1	Plant	Root	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino	Chamoe	19	Plant	Fruit, peduncle	Dried, powder	Topical	100.0
	Equus caballus Linn.	Mal	8	Animal	Hide, meat	Infusion, raw	Oral	100.0
	Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) RonseDecr.	Hojanggeun	2	Plant	Root	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Gloydius blomhoffii brevicaudus Stejneger	Salmosa	1	Animal	Whole part	Raw	Oral	100.0
	Gloydius saxatilis Emelianov	Kkachisalmosa	1	Animal	Whole part	Raw	Oral	100.0
	Gloydius ussuriensis Emelianov	Soesalmosa	1	Animal	Whole part	Raw	Oral	100.0
	Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon (L.) Asch.	Bori	31	Plant	Malt, seed	A sweet drink made from fermented rice, tea	Oral	66.0
	Incilaria bilineata (Benson)	Mindalpaengi	3	Animal	Whole part	Dried, dissolution, maceration, roast	Oral	75.0
	Leonurus japonicus Houtt.	Ingmocho	16	Plant	Aerial part	A sweet drink made from fermented rice, infusion, juice, pill, tea	Oral	80.0
	Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.	Minari	8	Plant	Aerial part, leaf, stem	Seasoned cooked vegetables, juice	Oral	20.5
	Oryza sativa L.	Byeo	10	Plant	Seed	A sweet drink made from fermented rice	Oral	100.0
	Pelodiscus sinensis Wiegmann	Jara	1	Animal	Whole part	Simmer	Oral	100.0
	Plantago asiatica L.	Jilgyeongi	2	Plant	Leaf	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe)	Huinjeombagikkonmuji	3	Animal	Whole part	Dried, panbroiled, powder	Oral	6.5
	Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino	Joritdae	3	Plant	Root	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Viola mandshurica W. Becker	Jebikkot	2	Plant	Whole part	Decoction	Oral	50.0
Liver cancer	Allomyrina dichotoma (Linne)	Jangsupungdengi	3	Animal	Larva	Dried, infusion, pill, powder, steam	Oral	20.0
	Breea segeta (Willd.) Kitam. f. segeta	Jobaengi	2	Plant	Root	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Bupleurum falcatum var. scorzoneraefolium (Willd.) Ledeb.	Chamsiho	2	Plant	Whole part	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Cetonia pilifera (Motschulsky)	Kkonmuji	5	Animal	Larva, whole part	Dried, infusion, panbroiled, pill, powder, simmer	Oral	38.5
	Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum.	Eonggeongkwi	2	Plant	Root	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr.	Malgupbeoseot	1	Fungi	Whole part	Infusion	Oral	20.0
	Formica yessensis Wheeler	Bulgaemi	1	Animal	Whole part	Decoction, simmer	Oral	100.0
	Gallus gallus domesticus Linn.	Dak	1	Animal	Whole part	Decoction, simmer	Oral	11.1
	Meles meles melanogenys Allen & Andrew.	Osori	1	Animal	Gall bladder	Dried, mixed in liquor	Oral	50.0
	Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe)	Huinjeombagikkonmuji	5	Animal	Larva, whole part	Dried, infusion, panbroiled, powder, pill, simmer	Oral	10.9
	Protaetia mandschuriensis (Schurhoff)	Manjujeombagikkonmuji	5	Animal	Larva, whole part	Dried, infusion, panbroiled, powder, pill, simmer	Oral	38.5
	Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. var. mucronulatum	Jindallae	2	Plant	Flower	Fermentation	Oral	100.0
	Scolopendra subspinipes mutilan L. Koch	Jine	2	Animal	Whole part	Decoction, simmer	Oral	33.3
Liver cirrhosis	Bupleurum falcatum L.	Siho	2	Plant	Root	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Cetonia pilifera (Motschulsky)	Kkonmuji	4	Animal	Larva, whole part	Dried, panbroiled, powder, simmer	Oral	30.8
	Cryptotympana dubia (Haupt)	Malmaemi	2	Animal	Larva	Dried, powder, pill	Oral	100.0
	Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr.	Malgupbeoseot	1	Fungi	Whole part	Decoction	Oral	20.0
	Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata (Motschulsky)	Yujimaemi	3	Animal	Larva	Dried, powder, pill	Oral	100.0
	Leptosemia takanonis (Matsumura)	Soyosanmaemi	2	Animal	Larva	Dried, powder, pill	Oral	100.0
	Meimuna opalifera (Walker)	Aemaemi	2	Animal	Larva	Dried, powder, pill	Oral	100.0
	Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.	Minari	2	Plant	Aerial part	Juice	Oral	5.1
	Oncotympana fuscata (Distant)	Chammaemi	2	Animal	Larva	Dried, powder, pill	Oral	100.0
	Platypleura kaempferi (Fabricius)	Teolmaemi	2	Animal	Larva	Dried, powder, pill	Oral	100.0
	Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe)	Huinjeombagikkonmuji	4	Animal	Larva, whole part	Dried, panbroiled, powder, simmer	Oral	8.7
	Protaetia mandschuriensis (Schurhoff)	Manjujeombagikkonmuji	4	Animal	Larva, whole part	Dried, panbroiled, powder, simmer	Oral	30.8
	Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch	Jine	2	Animal	Whole part	Dried, powder, pill	Oral	33.3
Liver-related ailments	Acer tegmentosum Maxim.	Sangyeoreumnamu	3	Plant	Stem	Decoction, tea	Oral	100.0
	Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew.	Myeolgachi	2	Plant	Whole part	Juice	Oral	100.0
	Allomyrina dichotoma (Linne)	Jangsupungdengi	12	Animal	Larva, whole part	Dissolution, dried, extraction, infusion, panbroiled, powder, roast, simmer	Oral	80.0
	Artemisia capillaris Thunb.	Sacheolssuk	111	Plant	Aerial part, leaf, whole part	A sweet drink made from fermented rice, decoction, grain syrup, infusion, juice, pill, simmer	Oral	24.4
	Artemisia princeps Pamp.	Ssuk	2	Plant	Whole part	Juice	Oral	16.7
	Canis lupus familiaris Linn.	Gae	1	Animal	Whole part	Infusion	Oral	100.0
	Capsella bursapastoris (L.) L.W.Medicus	Naengi	24	Plant	Whole part	Juice, seasoned cooked vegetables, soup	Oral	100.0
	Cetonia pilifera (Motschulsky)	Kkonmuji	4	Animal	Larva	Dried, panbroiled, powder, simmer	Oral	30.8
	Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka	Yujanamu	6	Plant	Fruit	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Citrus natsudaidai Hayata	Hagyul	6	Plant	Fruit	Maceration	Oral	100.0
	Citrus tenuissima Tanaka.	Dangyujanamu	10	Plant	Fruit	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Corbicula (Corbicula) japonica Prime	Ilbonjaecheop	8	Animal	Whole part	Simmer	Oral	100.0
	Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bureau ex Lavallee	Kkujippongnamu	43	Plant	Bark, stem	A sweet drink made from fermented rice, decoction, infusion	Oral	100.0
	Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul.	Gamguk	3	Plant	Flower	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Dendropanax morbiferus H. Lev.	Hwangchillamu	4	Plant	Leaf, stem	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke	Baemttalgi	2	Plant	Fruit	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S. Y. Hu	Ogalpinamu	19	Plant	Fruit, stem	Extraction, infusion	Oral	100.0
	Equisetum hyemale L.	Soksae	2	Plant	Stem	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.	Duchung	2	Plant	Stem	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Felis catus Linn.	Goyangi	1	Animal	Whole part	Simmer	Oral	100.0
	Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr.	Malgupbeoseot	3	Fungi	Whole part	Decoction	Oral	60.0
	Gallus gallus domesticus Linn.	Dak	8	Animal	Whole part	Infusion	Oral	88.9
	Glycine max (L.) Merr.	Kong	2	Plant	Seed	Steeped in vinegar	Oral	100.0
	Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Bean	Songak	2	Plant	Fruit	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon (L.) Asch.	Bori	16	Plant	Malt	A sweet drink made from fermented rice, pill	Oral	34.0
	Houttuynia cordata Thunb.	Yangmomil	5	Plant	Whole part	Decoction, infusion	Oral	100.0
	Hovenia dulcis Thunb.	Heotgaenamu	121	Plant	Fruit, leaf, stem	Decoction, infusion, tea	Oral	96.8
	Incilaria bilineata (Benson)	Mindalpaengi	1	Animal	Whole part	Dissolution, dried, powder	Oral	25.0
	Ixeridium dentatum (Thunb. ex Mori) Tzvelev	Sseumbagwi	5	Plant	Whole part, young leaf	Juice	Oral	100.0
	Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz.	Eumnamu	9	Plant	Stem	Decoction, infusion	Oral	100.0
	Leonurus japonicus Houtt.	Ingmocho	4	Plant	Aerial part	Infusion, pill	Oral	20.0
	Lycium chinense Mill.	Gugijanamu	8	Plant	Fruit	Infusion	Oral	100.0
	Meles meles melanogenys Allen & Andrew.	Osori	1	Animal	Gall bladder	Brewing	Oral	50.0
	Nyctereutes procyonoides Koreensis Mori.	Neoguri	2	Animal	Gall bladder	Brewing	Oral	100.0
	Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.	Minari	25	Plant	Aerial part, stem, whole part	Juice	Oral	64.1
	Orostachys japonica (Maxim.) A.Berger	Bawisol	2	Plant	Whole part	Decoction, juice	Oral	100.0
	Paeonia lactiflora Pall.	Jagyak	2	Plant	Root	Decoction, roast	Oral	100.0
	Phasianus colchicus Linn.	Kkwong	1	Animal	Whole part	Soup	Oral	100.0
	Phellinus linteus (Berk. et Curt.) Teng	Mokjiljinheukbeoseot	3	Fungi	Whole part	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.	Sonamu	4	Plant	Leaf	Dried, powder, steam	Oral	100.0
	Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe)	Huinjeombagikkonmuji	24	Animal	Larva, whole part	Decoction, dissolution, dried, extraction, panbroiled, powder, simmer	Oral	52.2
	Protaetia mandschuriensis (Schurhoff)	Manjujeombagikkonmuji	4	Animal	Larva	Dried, panbroiled, powder, simmer	Oral	30.8
	Prunus padus L. for. padus	Gwirungnamu	2	Plant	Stem	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi	Chik	1	Plant	Root	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Sanguisorba officinalis L.	Oipul	2	Plant	Root	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.	Omija	6	Plant	Fruit, root, stem	Brewing	Oral	100.0
	Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch	Jine	2	Animal	Whole part	Dissolution, dried, powder	Oral	33.3
	Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi	Hwanggeum	1	Plant	Root	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Sedum sarmentosum Bunge	Dollamul	62	Plant	Aerial part	Juice, maceration, powder, raw, seasoned cooked vegetables, watery plain kimchi	Oral	77.5
	Semisulcospira coreana (Martens)	Chamdaseulgi	11	Animal	Whole part	Clear soup with flour dumplings, infusion, juice, simmer	Oral	100.0
	Semisulcospira forticosta (Martens)	Jureumdaseulgi	23	Animal	Whole part	Clear soup with flour dumplings, infusion, juice, simmer	Oral	100.0
	Semisulcospira libertina (Gould)	Daseulgi	30	Animal	Body, whole part	Clear soup with flour dumplings, infusion, juice, soup, simmer	Oral	100.0
	Sorbus commixta Hedl.	Magamok	10	Plant	Fruit, leaf, stem	Decoction, tea	Oral	100.0
	Sus scrofa Linn.	Metdwaeji	6	Animal	Gall bladder	Dissolution, juice	Oral	100.0
	Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst.	Mindeulle	192	Plant	Aerial part, leaf, whole part	A sweet drink made from fermented rice, decoction, dried, extraction, infusion, juice, kimchi, raw, seasoned cooked vegetables, simmer, tea	Oral	100.0
	Trachelospermum asiaticum (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai var. asiaticum	Masakjul	4	Plant	Leaf, stem	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai	Neureumnamu	8	Plant	Bark	Decoction	Oral	100.0
	Ursus thibetanus ussuricus Heude	Bandalgaseumgom	1	Animal	Flesh	Infusion	Oral	100.0
	Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe	Yangha	2	Plant	Whole part	Juice	Oral	100.0