Efficacy and Safety of Echinacoside in a Rat Osteopenia Model
Table 3
Serum CEA, CA-125 levels and incidence of principal microscopic pharmacologic effects of ECH and E2 on female rat’s uteri and mammary glands.
Group
SHAM
OVX
E2
ECH-L
ECH-M
ECH-H
Serum parameters
n = 8/group
Serum CEA (pg/mL)
341.82 ± 32.94
331.08 ± 36.97
511.11 ± 62.39##**
346.03 ± 28.62
342.22 ± 42.57
330.67 ± 60.93
Serum CA-125 (U/mL)
1.89 ± 0.40
1.52 ± 0.39
2.43 ± 0.24##**
1.37 ± 0.29*
1.32 ± 0.41*
1.08 ± 0.27#**
Uteri
n = 6/group
Endometrium thickness changes
++
+
+++
+
+
+
Immunohistochemical analysis of CEA
—
—
—
—
—
—
Mammary glands
n = 6/group
Proliferative changes
+
—
++
—
—
—
Tubular changes
—
—
—
—
—
—
Ductal intraepithelial neoplasia
—
—
—
—
—
—
Carcinoma of breast
—
—
—
—
—
—
Immunohistochemical analysis of CEA
—
—
+
—
—
—
The data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 8. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 versus SHAM group, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus OVX group at the same time point as evaluated by ANOVA. +: minimal; ++: mild; +++: marked; —: not observed, the qualitative system according to [23] used previously.
