Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Exercise for the Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infection: Possible Mechanisms of Action

Table 2

Stage 2 mediational analysis models for Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) illness global severity and duration: main findings ().


Health indicator	Graphic symbol	Variables	Estimated coefficient	S.E.	value	Sobel test single mediation coefficient (95% CI)	Sobel test compound mediation coefficient (95% CI)

Stage 2 models for ARI illness severity (AUC): potential mediators

Exercise (IPAQ) METS	12	(A) MAAS-D1*	−580.0	201.6	0.004*
	13	MAAS-D2	−132.2	162.5	0.416
	14	IPAQ-D1^*1	0.3	0.1	0.021*
	15	IPAQ-D2	−0.005	0.07	0.942
	11	Group1	−174.4	237.6	0.463
	12	Group2*	−344.6	164.0	0.036*
		Age	29.2	23.0	0.204
		Sex	−6.11	0.001	0.001
		(B) MAAS-D1 ON:
	24	IPAQ-D1	<0.001	<0.001	0.259	N/A	N/A
	21	Group1	−0.009	0.101	0.928	N/A	N/A
	22	Group2	0.141	0.106	0.181	N/A	N/A
		IPAQ-D1¹ ON:
	41	Group1*	997.2	286.5	0.001*	()	()
	42	Group2	−186.4	266.0	0.483	N/A	N/A

Optimism (LOT) score	12	(A) MAAS-D1	−305.9	207.9	0.141
	13	MAAS-D2^*1	−333.1	157.7	0.035*
	14	LOT-D1	51.4	49.2	0.296
	15	LOT-D2	−32.7	35.1	0.352
	11	Group1	291.0	267.2	0.276
	12	Group2	−304.7	165.7	0.066
		Age	12.5	14.3	0.381
		Sex	39.4	209.2	0.851
		(B) MAAS-D2¹ ON:
	35	LOT-D2*	0.1	0.02	0.013*	()	N/A
	31	Group1*	0.2	0.1	0.045*	()	N/A
	32	Group2*	0.3	0.1	0.008*	()	N/A

Positive emotion (PANAS-P) score	12	(A) MAAS-D1	−183.0	195.2	0.349
	13	MAAS-D2^*1	−484.5	163.0	0.003*
	14	PANAS-P-D1	−18.1	33.7	0.590
	15	PANAS-P-D2	246.6	39.5	0.238
	11	Group1	482.8	278.6	0.083
	12	Group2	−236.0	165.5	0.154
		Age	3.4	22.2	0.878
		Sex	127.0	202.7	0.531
		(B) MAAS-D2¹ ON:
	35	PANAS-P-D2*	0.03	0.009	0.001*		N/A
	42	Group1*	0.24	0.12	0.038*	()	N/A
	52	Group2*	0.27	0.12	0.022*	()	N/A

Social support (PR) score	12	(A) MAAS-D1	−320.8	207.8	0.122
	13	MAAS-D2^*1	−437.4	169.8	0.010*
	14	PR-D1	−0.89	8.8	0.920
	15	PR-D2	28.8	17.5	0.1
	11	Group1	387.0	278.0	0.164
	12	Group2	−246.3	165.4	0.137
		Age	11.3	13.6	0.405
		Sex	34.1	203.5	0.867
		(B) MAAS-D2¹ ON:
	35	Ryff-D2*	0.04	0.01	<0.001*		N/A
	31	Group1*	0.2	0.1	0.028*	()	N/A
	32	Group2*	0.3	0.1	0.017*	()	N/A

Mental health (SF12M) score	12	(A) MAAS-D1	−259.5	230.6	0.260
	13	MAAS-D2^*1	−355.2	153.5	0.021*
	14	SF12M-D1	0.9	8.8	0.919
	15	SF12M-D2	−2.08	2.7	0.446
	11	Group1	396.6	316.4	0.210
	12	Group2	−253.3	174.6	0.147
		Age	9.4	230.6	0.658
		Sex	27.3	153.4	0.896
		(B) MAAS-D2¹ ON:
	35	SF12M-D2*	0.005	0.002	0.012*	()	N/A
	31	Group1*	0.3	0.1	0.016*	()	N/A
	32	Group2*	0.3	0.1	0.015*	()	N/A

Stage 2 models for ARI Illness Duration (no. days): potential mediators

Exercise (IPAQ) METS	12	(A) MAAS-D1	0.07	0.3	0.788
	13	MAAS-D2^*1	−0.4	0.2	0.046*
	14	IPAQ-D1	<0.001	<0.001	0.591
	15	IPAQ-D2	<0.001	<0.001	0.127
	11	Group1	0.2	0.2	0.311
	12	Group2	−0.3	0.2	0.164
		Age	0.02	0.01	0.207
		Sex	0.2	0.2	0.451
		(B) MAAS-D2¹ON:
	35	IPAQ-D2	<0.001	<0.001	0.17	N/A	N/A
	31	Group1*	0.2	0.2	0.044*	()	N/A
	32	Group2	0.3	0.1	0.01*	()	N/A

Optimism (LOT) score	12	(A) MAAS-D1	0.01	0.2	0.964
	13	MAAS-D2^*1	−0.4	0.2	0.047*
	14	LOT-D1	−0.01	0.04	0.893
	15	LOT-D2	−0.01	0.05	0.807
	11	Group1	0.1	0.2	0.522
	12	Group2	−0.3	0.3	0.186
		Age*	−0.4	0.01	0.047*
		Sex	0.2	0.2	0.376
		(B) MAAS-D2¹ ON:
	35	LOT-D2*	0.05	0.02	0.013*	()	N/A
	31	Group1*	0.2	0.1	0.045*	()	N/A
	32	Group2*	0.3	0.1	0.008*	()	N/A

Social support (PR) score	12	(A) MAAS-D1	−0.005	0.2	0.894
	13	MAAS-D2^*1	−0.4	0.2	0.041*
	14	PR-D1	−0.002	0.02	0.908
	15	PR-D2	0.01	0.02	0.495
	11	Group1	0.1	0.2	0.523
	12	Group2	−0.4	0.2	0.15
		Age*	0.03	0.01	0.044*
		Sex	0.02	0.2	0.371
		(B) MAAS-D2¹ ON:
	35	PR-D2*	0.04	0.01	<0.001*	()	N/A
	31	Group1*	0.2	0.1	0.028*	()	N/A
	32	Group2*	0.3	0.1	0.017*	()	N/A

Mental health (SF12M) score	12	(A) MAAS-D1	0.1	0.3	0.677
	13	MAAS-D2²	−0.3	0.2	0.056²
	14	SF12M-D1	−0.009	0.007	0.183
	15	SF12M-D2*	−0.006	0.002	0.007*
	11	Group1	0.2	0.2	0.391
	12	Group2	−0.3	0.3	0.228
		Age	0.02	0.01	0.088
		Sex	0.1	0.2	0.489
		(B) MAAS-D2² ON:
	35	SF12M-D2*	0.005	0.002	0.012*	()	N/A
	31	Group1*	0.3	0.1	0.016*	()	N/A
	32	Group2*	0.3	0.1	0.015*	()	N/A
		SF12M-D2 ON:
	42	Group1	−1.3	6.4	0.843	N/A	N/A
	52	Group2	4.3	5.4	0.426	N/A	N/A

Variables included: the MAAS score change at D1 (9 weeks) and D2 (3 months), health indicator score change at D1 or D2, group status, age, and gender. Results presented only for the models that suggested presence of potential mediation.
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¹Potential mediator ( for both and pathways).
²Trend toward being a potential mediator ( for 13, and for pathways).