Dissection of Mechanisms of a Chinese Medicinal Formula: Danhong Injection Therapy for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vivo and In Vitro

Table 1

Levels of IL-1, IL-10, TNF-α, MDA, and SOD in serum of rats and in culture supernatants of cardiomyocytes exposed to different treatments (mean ± SD, 𝑛=6).

Treatment	Inflammatory cytokines markers			Oxidative stress markers
	IL-1; (pg/mL)	IL-10; (pg/mL)	TNF-α; (pg/mL)	MDA; (nmol/mL)	SOD; (U/mL)
Serum
Sham	130.3±43.4	146.2±5.9	103.8±8.4	11.8±1.8	290.9±15.4
MI/R	391.1±57.6^##	159.0±11.4	279.6±13.7^##	23.5±3.2^##	196.9±12.0^##
MI/R + A	255.2±37.5 **	298.8±28.6 **	131.1±21.3 **	16.7±2.6^∗§△	224.7±15.5^∗§△
MI/R + B	326.9±48.2^*†△	208.7±20.1^*†△	185±33.2^*†△	8.2±2.1 **	252.3±11.9 **
MI/R + C	362.7±53.4^*†△	211.0±20.2^*†△	171±25.0^*†△	18.5±3.2^∗§△	223.2±16.9^∗§△
MI/R + DHI	252.4±49.7 **	315.0±42.2 **	128±31.4 **	6.9±3.2 **	258.2±17.1 **
Culture supernatant
Control	65.91±7.3	56.0±11.1	22.1±5.9	1.1±0.1	26.6±2.2
SI/R	165.7±11.5^##	115.7±12.4^##	93.9±14.1^##	2.9±0.3^##	15.5±2.5^##
SI/R + A	102.0±8.6 **	172.0±15.6 **	44.0±12.8 *	2.1±0.2^∗§△	21.0±1.9^*△
SI/R + B	129.5±14.0^*†△	156.4±14.1^*△	54.7±13.7^*△	1.6±0.2 **	23.3±1.1 **
SI/R + C	132.3±11.9^*†△	150.9±13.6^*△	52.7±12.2^*△	2.0±0.3^*△	20.1±1.3^∗§△△
SI/R + DHI	87.1±14.1 **	194.2±17.4 **	29.4±6.8 **	1.3±0.2 **	24.8±1.1 **
SI/R + A + W	156.5±12.8	135.2±18.3	71.9±10.8	2.6±0.4	17.1±2.5
SI/R + B + W	157.6±11.9	129.9±21.0	69.5±13.6	2.6±0.5	18.1±2.2
SI/R + C + W	144.7±13.3	124.4±13.5	80.5±15.1	2.5±0.2	17.9±1.3
SI/R + DHI + W	149.5±15.8	140.0±11.6	66.1±11.3	2.4±0.2	19.1±1.1
SI/R + A + U	151.4±15.1	137.3±19.1	73.3±8.7	2.5±0.5	17.4±2.2
SI/R + B + U	155.6±17.4	130.7±14.6	63.9±13.8	2.7±0.4	19.0±2.4
SI/R + C + U	152.4±10.2	127.9±13.6	72.3±12.6	2.6±0.2	18.2±1.3
SI/R + DHI + U	146.6±12.5	133.0±16.6	64.6±14.0	2.3±0.2	19.3±1.6

MI/R: myocardial ischemia/reperfusion; SI/R: simulated ischemia/reperfusion; A: hydroxysafflor yellow A; B: salvianolic acid B; C: danshensu; DHI: Danhong injection; W: wortmannin; U: U0126; IL-1: interleukin 1; IL-10: interleukin 10; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; MDA: malondialdehyde; SOD: superoxide dismutase. ^##𝑃<0.01 versus Sham or Control; *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01 versus MI/R or SI/R; ^†𝑃<0.05 versus MI/R + A or SI/R + A; ^§𝑃<0.05 versus MI/R + B or SI/R + B; ^△𝑃<0.05, ^△△𝑃<0.01 versus MI/R + DHI or SI/R + DHI.