Recent Advances on the Use of Biochemical Extracts as Filaricidal Agents

Table 1

Bioproduct with reported filaricidal activity.

Name	Family	Part used	Extraction method	Filarial pathogen	Dosage	Reference
Azadirachta indica	Meliaceae	Leaf	Organic solvent and water fractionation	Teladorsagia circumcincta	3.1–50 mg/mL	[12]
		Flower	Distilled ethanol; Distilled water	Setaria cervi	5–25 ng/mL	[17]
Andrographis paniculata	Acanthaceae	Leaf	Water decoction	Dipetalonema reconditum	0.06 mL/Kg	[30]
		Leaf	Aqueous extract	B. malayi	0.5–10 mg/mL	[31]
Heliclona oculata	Chalinidae	Sponges	Methanol extract solvents fractionation	B. malayi	100 mg/Kg	[16]
Haliclona exigua	Chalinidae	Sponges	methanolic extract and butanol fraction	B. malayi	15.6–31.2 µm/mL	[26]
Trachyspermum ammi L.	Apiaceae	Fruits	Methanolic extract	Setaria digitata; B. malayi	0.01–0.5 mg/mL	[27]
Ricinus communis	Euphorbiaceae	Seed	Methanolic extract ethanol fractionation	B. malayi; S. digitata	10–100 µg/mL; 1 mg/mL	[32]; [33]
Morinda citrifolia	Rubiaceae	Fruits	Aqueous extract	W. bancrofti	0.02–0.04 noni : media	[34]
Xylocarpus granatum	Meliaceae	Leaf	Ethanolic extract; Aqueous extract	B. malayi; B. pahangi	100 mg/kg; 0.5–10 mg/mL	[28]; [31]
Hibiscus sabdariffa	Malvaceae	Leaf	Ethanolic extract	B. malayi	500 mg–1 g/mL	[8]