Arts Therapies for Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.

First author	Year	Type of study	Type of arts therapy	Treatment duration	Type of control	Outcomes	Instruments	𝑁 treatment (as analysed)	𝑁 control; (as analysed)
Binns-Turner	2011	RCT	Preoperational music	Pre-/intra-/postoperation (71–78 mins)	No music/usual care	Blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, and pain	SAI, VAS	15	15
Bozcuk	2006	Crossover CCT	Music during chemotherapy	2 chemotherapy sessions	Session 1 served as control	QoL	EORTC QLQ C-30	18	18 (crossover)
Bulfone	2009	RCT	Music therapy	12 weeks, 15 mins each session	No music/usual care	Anxiety	STAI	30	30
Dibbell-Hope	2000	RCT	Dance, movement therapy	6 weeks, one session per week lasting 3 hrs each	Waiting list	Mood states, symptoms, body image, and social desirability	POMS, SCL-90-R, BWB, and MCSDS	15	16
Hanser	2006	RCT	Music therapy	3 for every 45 minutes	No music/usual care	QoL, Spiritual wellbeing, depression, heart rate, and blood pressure	FACT-G, FACIT-Sp HADS, and HADS	18	22
Zhou	2011	RCT	Music therapy	Hospital stay (13.6±2 days) + 2 chemotherapy periods (18.9±7.1 days), 2 daily for 30 mins each	No music/usual care	Depression	ZSDS	54	51
Li	2011	RCT	Music therapy	2 per day, 30 min session for maximum of 32.5 days	No music/usual care	Anxiety	SAI	54	51
Oester	2006	RCT	Art therapy	5 weeks total, 1 session per week	No art therapy/usual care	Coping	CRI	20	21
Puig	2006	RCT	Art therapies	4 sessions over 4 weeks, 60 mins each	Waiting list	Mood states	POMS	20	19
Sandel	2005	RCT	Dance, movement therapy	12 weeks: 6 weeks 2 sessions/week, 6 weeks 1 session, 1 hr each	Waiting list	Functional assessment, QoL, shoulder range of motion, and body image	FACT-B, ROM, BIS, and SF-36	19	16
Svensk	2009	RCT	Art therapy	60 min session/week for 5 weeks	No art therapy/usual care	Quality of life	EORTC, WHOQOL-BREF	20	21
Stordahl	2009	CCT	Music-assisted relaxation	4 sessions over 4 weeks, 60 mins each	Relaxation alone	Depression, mood states, and benefit finding	CES-D, POMS, BFS	10	10
Thyme	2009	RCT	Art therapy	5 weeks	No art therapy/usual care	Social behaviour, symptoms	SASB, SCL-90	20	21

Abbreviations: RCT: randomized controlled trial; CCT: controlled clinical trial; QoL: quality of life; SAI: Spielberger State Anxiety Scale; VAS: visual analog scale; EORTC QLQ C-30: quality of life of cancer patients; STAI: State Trait Anxiety Inventory; POMS: Profile of Mood States; SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist 90 (Revised); BWB: Berscheid-Walster-Bohrnstedt Body Image Scale; MCSDS: Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale; FACT-G: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General; FACT-B: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for patients with breast cancer; FACIT-Sp: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well-being Scale; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ZSDS: Zung Self Rated Depression Scale; SAI: State Anxiety Inventory; CRI: Coping Response Inventory; ROM: range of motion; BIS: body image scale; SF-36: Short Form Health Survey; WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organisation Quality of Life; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; BFS: benefit finding scale; SASB: structural analysis of social behaviour, SCL-90: Symptom Checklist.