Comparison on the Effects and Safety of Tualang Honey and Tribestan in Sperm Parameters, Erectile Function, and Hormonal Profiles among Oligospermic Males

Table 6

Hormonal profile between Tualang honey and Tribestan.

Variable	ANOVA				ANCOVA
	Mean (SD^a)		stat^b	value	EMM^c (95% CI^d)		stat^b	value
	Tualang honey	Tribestan			Tualang honey	Tribestan
LH (IU/L)	4.4 (1.87)	4.8 (2.19)	0.73	0.397	4.4 (3.69, 5.07)	4.8 (4.09, 5.52)	0.72	0.400
Testosterone (nmol/L)	14.8 (5.64)	14.5 (5.74)	0.34	0.565	15.0 (13.60, 16.32)	14.3 (12.89, 15.69)	0.47	0.496
FSH (IU/L)	6.7 (3.48)	7.2 (4.19)	0.94	0.337	7.1 (6.48, 7.67)	6.8 (6.16, 7.39)	0.49	0.488

Standard deviation.
^b statistic.
^cEstimated marginal mean.
^dConfidence interval.
Normal value: LH, luteinizing hormone 1–12 IU/L; testosterone, testosterone hormone 6–30 nmol/L; FSH, follicular stimulating hormone 1–12 IU/L.