Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Comparison on the Effects and Safety of Tualang Honey and Tribestan in Sperm Parameters, Erectile Function, and Hormonal Profiles among Oligospermic Males

Table 7

Safety profiles.


Variable	Estimated marginal mean (95% CI^a)				stat^b	value
	Tualang honey		Tribestan
	Preintervention	Postintervention	Preintervention	Postintervention

Haematological profile
Hb	153.6 (149.50, 157.61)	153.0 (145.62, 160.33)	150.3 (146.13, 154.49)	143.4 (135.84, 151.00)	2.34	0.131
TWC	7.2 (6.53, 7.77)	7.2 (658, 7.84)	7.4 (6.73, 8.01)	7.4 (6.77, 8.07)	0.00	0.967
Platelet	264.3 (247.93, 280.66)	264.8 (244.44, 285.09)	248.6 (231.69, 265.43)	254.7 (233.76, 275.67)	0.45	0.505
Urea	4.5 (4.21, 4.86)	4.7 (4.29, 5.05)	4.5 (4.15, 4.82)	4.8 (4.37, 5.15)	0.33	0.567
Renal profile
Sodium	136.6 (131.24, 142.06)	139.7 (139.15, 140.26)	140.4 (134.83, 145.98)	140.2 (139.58, 140.73)	0.78	0.381
Potassium	4.3 (4.14, 4.47)	4.2 (4.02, 4.32)	4.3 (4.12, 4.45)	4.2 (4.08, 4.40)	0.43	0.513
Creatinine	89.0 (83.83, 94.11)	88.1 (83.67, 92.44)	84.7 (79.41, 90.01)	89.5 (85.01, 94.05)	3.54	0.065
Uric acid	0.4 (2.36, 2.42)	0.4 (0.36, 0.43)	0.4 (0.36, 0.42)	0.4 (0.38, 0.45)	2.29	0.135
Liver profile
Albumin	46.9 (44.99, 48.89)	45.7 (44.92, 46.55)	46.4 (44.43, 48.45)	45.5 (44.7, 46.34)	0.04	0.844
Globulin	31.2 (29.59, 32.74)	31.3 (30.12, 32.41)	31.9 (30.28, 33.53)	31.1 (29.92, 32.73)	0.65	0.425
T. bilirubin	10.4 (8.67, 12.21)	10.9 (9.24, 12.64)	10.8 (8.92, 12.58)	10.7 (8.91, 12.41)	0.35	0.558
ALP	71.2 (64.27, 78.20)	69.0 (62.43, 75.57)	73.3 (66.10, 80.46)	70.0 (63.23, 76.77)	0.14	0.712
ALT	43.3 (34.08, 52.57)	40.6 (31.75, 49.42)	45.9 (36.38, 55.43)	46.7 (37.58, 55.80)	0.85	0.360
AST	30.6 (26.03, 35.27)	28.7 (24.09, 33.33)	33.4 (28.61, 38.14)	32.5 (27.71, 37.23)	0.17	0.682

Confidence interval.
^bF statistic.
Normal value: Hb, haemoglobin 130–180 g/L; TWC, total white cells 4.0–11.0 × 10⁹/L; platelet 150–450 × 10⁹/L; sodium 135–145 mmol/L; potassium 3.5–5.1 mmol/L; creatinine 50–116 umol/L; uric acid 0.18–0.47 mmol/L; albumin 35–50 g/L; globulin 20–39 g/L; T. bilirubin, total bilirubin <21 umol/L; ALP, alkaline phosphatase 30–150 U/L; ALT, alanine transaminase <51 U/L; AST, aspartate transferase <41 U/L.