Research Article
Long-Term Effects of Goshajinkigan in Prevention of Diabetic Complications: A Randomized Open-Labeled Clinical Trial
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of study groups.
| | | Goshajinkigan group () | Control group () |
| | Age (y) | 59.4 ± 7.8 | 60.9 ± 7.4 | | Female sex (%) | 41.9 | 40.0 | | Duration of diabetes (y) | 12 ± 6.8 | 10.9 ± 6.1 | | Weight (kg) | 60.2 ± 12.2 | 57.2 ± 11 | | Body mass index | 23 ± 4.1 | 22.1 ± 3.1 | | Cigarette-smoking status (%) | | | | Current | 31.1 | 31.0 | | Former | 17.6 | 14.3 | | Never | 48.6 | 50.0 | | Unknown | 2.7 | 4.8 | | Complications (%) | | | | None | 45.9 | 38.0 | | Hypertension | 23.0 | 21.4 | | Dyslipidemia | 21.6 | 21.4 | | Atrial fibrillation | 2.7 | 2.4 | | Other | 31.1 | 38.1 | | Unknown | 1.4 | 2.4 | | Blood pressure (mmHg) | | | | Systolic | 131.6 ± 16.1 | 132.1 ± 19.4 | | Diastolic | 78.5 ± 11.5 | 76.8 ± 10.2 | | Glycated hemoglobin (%) | | | | Mean | 7.7 ± 1.0 | 7.7 ± 1.1 | | Fasting serum glucose (mg/dL) | 170.5 ± 45.3 | 164.7 ± 38.5 | | Cholesterol (mg/dL) | | | | Total | 205.9 ± 32.8 | 208.4 ± 36.7 | | High-density lipoprotein | 54.7 ± 12.0 | 55.2 ± 12.6 | | Serum triglyceride (mg/dL) | 124.9 ± 88.0 | 103.6 ± 42.3 | | Medications (%) | | | | Insulin | 17.6 | 16.7 | | Metformin | 18.9 | 21.4 | | Any sulfonylurea | 58.1 | 52.4 | | Any other oral hypoglycemic agents | 39.2 | 28.6 |
|
|
