Review Article

Essential Oil of Artemisia annua L.: An Extraordinary Component with Numerous Antimicrobial Properties

Table 2

Tests carried out on the whole oil.

Bacterial strainsAgar disk diffusionConcentrationReferenceMICmg/mLReferenceMBCmg/mLReference

Gram-positive
S. aureus Not active[12]
Active 32[13]
Active 5.00%[11]Active 0.0156–0.0313[11]
Active 10 mg/mL[9]
Active 5.0–10.0[10]Low activity>20.0–10.0[10]
Active 10 mg/mL[14]Active 0.031[14]Active 0.031[14]
E. hirae Active 0.1 mg/mL[12]
E. faecalis Active [9]
Active 10 mg/mL[14]Active 0.026[14]Active 0.031[14]
S. pneumoniae Active 10 mg/mL[9]
M. luteus Not active[9]
B. cereus Active 10 mg/mL[14]Active 0.053[14]Active0.055[14]
Low activity20[10]Low activity20[10]
B. subtilis Active 5.00%[11]Active 0.00781-0.00781[11]
Active 10 mg/mL[9]
B.  thuringensis Active 5.00%[11]Active 0.0313–0.0156[11]
B. sp.Active 10 mg/mL[14]Active 0.026[14]Active0.053[14]
L. innocua Not active[15]
Sarcina lutea Active 2.5[10]Active 2.5[10]
Gram-negative
E. coli Not active[12]
Active 64[13]
Active 5.00%[11]Active 0.0313-0.0313[11]
Active 10 mg/mL[9]
Low activity20[10]Low activity20[10]
Active 5 mg/mL[14]Active 0.017[14]Active 0.024[14]
 UPECActive 5 mg/mL[14]Active 0.026[14]Active 0.031[14]
Shigella sp.Low activity20[10]Low activity20[10]
S. enteritidis Active 5[10]Low activity20[10]
K. pneumoniae Low activity20[10]Low activity20[10]
H. influenzae Active 10 mg/mL[9]
P. aeruginosa Not active[13]
Active 10 mg/mL[9]
Active 10 mg/mL[14]Active 0.025[14]Active 0.053[14]

Fungal strains Agar disk diffusion ConcentrationReferenceMIC mg/mLReferenceMFC mg/mLReference

C. albicans Active 0.2 mg/mL[12]
Active 2[13]
Low activity20[10]Not active>20[10]
C. krusei Active 10 mg/mL[9]
S. cerevisiae Active 0.2 mg/mL[12]
Active 2[13]
A. fumigatus Active 5[10]Active 5[10]