Review Article
Essential Oil of Artemisia annua L.: An Extraordinary Component with Numerous Antimicrobial Properties
Table 2
Tests carried out on the whole oil.
| Bacterial strains | Agar disk diffusion | Concentration | Reference | MIC | mg/mL | Reference | MBC | mg/mL | Reference |
| Gram-positive | | | | | | | | | | S. aureus | Not active | | [12] | | | | | | | | | | | Active | 32 | [13] | | | | | Active | 5.00% | [11] | Active | 0.0156–0.0313 | [11] | | | | | Active | 10 mg/mL | [9] | | | | | | | | | | | Active | 5.0–10.0 | [10] | Low activity | >20.0–10.0 | [10] | | Active | 10 mg/mL | [14] | Active | 0.031 | [14] | Active | 0.031 | [14] | E. hirae | Active | 0.1 mg/mL | [12] | | | | | | | E. faecalis | Active | | [9] | | | | | | | | Active | 10 mg/mL | [14] | Active | 0.026 | [14] | Active | 0.031 | [14] | S. pneumoniae | Active | 10 mg/mL | [9] | | | | | | | M. luteus | Not active | | [9] | | | | | | | B. cereus | Active | 10 mg/mL | [14] | Active | 0.053 | [14] | Active | 0.055 | [14] | | | | | Low activity | 20 | [10] | Low activity | 20 | [10] | B. subtilis | Active | 5.00% | [11] | Active | 0.00781-0.00781 | [11] | | | | | Active | 10 mg/mL | [9] | | | | | | | B. thuringensis | Active | 5.00% | [11] | Active | 0.0313–0.0156 | [11] | | | | B. sp. | Active | 10 mg/mL | [14] | Active | 0.026 | [14] | Active | 0.053 | [14] | L. innocua | Not active | | [15] | | | | | | | Sarcina lutea | | | | Active | 2.5 | [10] | Active | 2.5 | [10] | Gram-negative | | | | | | | | | | E. coli | Not active | | [12] | | | | | | | | | | | Active | 64 | [13] | | | | | Active | 5.00% | [11] | Active | 0.0313-0.0313 | [11] | | | | | Active | 10 mg/mL | [9] | | | | | | | | | | | Low activity | 20 | [10] | Low activity | 20 | [10] | | Active | 5 mg/mL | [14] | Active | 0.017 | [14] | Active | 0.024 | [14] | UPEC | Active | 5 mg/mL | [14] | Active | 0.026 | [14] | Active | 0.031 | [14] | Shigella sp. | | | | Low activity | 20 | [10] | Low activity | 20 | [10] | S. enteritidis | | | | Active | 5 | [10] | Low activity | 20 | [10] | K. pneumoniae | | | | Low activity | 20 | [10] | Low activity | 20 | [10] | H. influenzae | Active | 10 mg/mL | [9] | | | | | | | P. aeruginosa | | | | Not active | | [13] | | | | | Active | 10 mg/mL | [9] | | | | | | | | Active | 10 mg/mL | [14] | Active | 0.025 | [14] | Active | 0.053 | [14] |
| Fungal strains |
Agar disk diffusion |
Concentration | Reference | MIC |
mg/mL | Reference | MFC |
mg/mL | Reference |
| C. albicans | Active | 0.2 mg/mL | [12] | | | | | | | | | | | Active | 2 | [13] | | | | | | | | Low activity | 20 | [10] | Not active | >20 | [10] | C. krusei | Active | 10 mg/mL | [9] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | S. cerevisiae | Active | 0.2 mg/mL | [12] | | | | | | | | | | | Active | 2 | [13] | | | | A. fumigatus | | | | Active | 5 | [10] | Active | 5 | [10] |
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