Study on Qi Deficiency Syndrome Identification Modes of Coronary Heart Disease Based on Metabolomic Biomarkers

Table 4

The characteristics metabolites related to CHD patients.

Metabolites	Chamical shift	𝑡/𝑧 value	𝑃 value	Upregulation/downregulation
Leucine	0.97	−3.867	0.000	↑
N-Acetyl glycoprotein	2.02	−2.552	0.011	↑
α-Glucose	3.53, 5.23, 3.84	−3.576/−3.372/−3.116	0.000/0.001/0.002	↑
β-Glucose	4.64, 3.72, 3.9	−3.081/−3.372/−3.491	0.002/0.001/0.000	↑
β-Hydroxy isobutyric acid	1.2	2.082	0.042	↓
Phenylalanine	3.13	−3.322	0.002	↑
Acetone	2.23	−2.860	0.006	↑
HDL	1.26	−2.296	0.022	↑
Glutamate	2.1	−3.030	0.002	↑
Glutamine	2.14, 3.77	−2.761/−2.603	0.008/0.009	↑
Methylamine	2.54	−2.422	0.019	↑
Lysine	1.73	−2.194	0.028	↑
Tyrosine	3.94	−2.074	0.038	↑
Ornithine	3.79	−2.467	0.014	↑
Taurine	3.43	−3.918	0.000	↑
Proline	3.42	−3.747	0.000	↑
Lactic acid	1.33	−2.842	0.004	↑
Tryptophan	3.49	−3.628	0.000	↑
Threonine	1.34	−2.057	0.040	↑
Aspartic acid	2.68	−2.339	0.023	↑
Valine	1.04, 2.28	−3.783/−2.738	0.000/0.008	↑
Acetyl glutamic acid	2.04	−3.047	0.002	↑
Isoleucine	1.01, 1.98, 0.94, 1.26	−2.851/−2.731/−2.228/−2.330	0.006/0.006/0.026/0.020	↑
Lipids	2.22	−2.262	0.024	↑
Histidine	3.25	−3.047	0.002	↑

Note. Up- or downregulation mean CHD patients group comparing with healthy people group.