|
| Authors | Type of study | Bioactive compounds | Glycaemia | Insulin | Body weight | Food intake | Other activities |
|
| Udani et al., 2004 [24] | In vivo
Human
double-blank test | 1500 mg water extract of a common white bean/day | — | — |
↓BMI | — |
↓Triglycerides level |
|
| Udani and Singh, 2007 [25] | In vivo
Human
double-blank test | 1000 mg fractionated white bean extract/day | — | — |
↓BMI | — | — |
|
Celleno et al.,
2007
[26] | In vivo
Human
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled | 445 mg Phase 2 + 0.5 mg of chromium picolinate | — | — |
↓BMI | — |
↓Body weight
↓Fat mass
↓WHR |
|
Maruyama et al.,
2008 [27] | In vivo
Human
double-blank test | Azuki juice 150 g * 5/day | — | — |
↓BMI | — |
↓Triglycerides level |
|
Maruyama et al.,
2008 [27] | In vitro | 100 mg Azuki bean extract | — | — | — | — |
↓Activity alpha-glucosidase by 32.6% |
|
Yao et al.,
2008
[28] | In vivo
Mice
control group | Vitexin and isovitexin
MBS (3 and 2 g/kg * 11.68, 5.40 mg/g)
MBSC (3 g/kg * 15.22, 11.42 mg/g) |
↓Blood glucose level | ↑Insulin immunoreactivity | — | — |
↓Plasma C-peptide, ↓Glucagon, ↓total cholesterol, ↓Triglycerides, ↓BUN |
|
Choi et al.,
2008 [29] | In vivo
Mice
control group | Genistein and daidzein
0.2/kg/day |
↓Glucose level in blood | ↑Insulin production | — | — |
↓Triglycerides gradient in liver |
|
Kim et al.,
2008 [30] | In vivo
Mice
control group | 5 g genistein/100 g diet | — | ↑Insulin production
↑Insulin sensitivity | — | — | — |
|
Cederroth et al.,
2008 [31] | In vivo
Mice
control group | 198 ppm daidzein and 286 ppm genistein/day | — | ↑Insulin sensitivity | — | — |
↓Lipid contents in adipocytes, ↑Phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), ↑Expression of (PPR-l γ) |
|
| Fu and Liu, 2009 [32] | In vitro
clone cells insulin secreting (INS-lE) | Genistein | — | ↑Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion | — | — | — |
|
Vinson et al.,
2009
[33] | In vivo
Human
crossover, placebo-controlled | Phase 2
750 mg, 1500 mg |
↓Blood glucose level | — | — | — | — |
|
Udani et al.,
2009
[34] | In vivo
Human
crosses, randomized study | Phase 2
1500, 2000, 3000 mg |
↓Blood glucose level | — | — | — | — |
Wu et al., 2010
[35] | In vivo
Human
double-blinded placebo-controlled study | Phase 2
2000 mg | — | — |
↓BMI | — | No changes in WHR |
|
Gobert et al., 2010
[36] | In vivo
Human
placebo-controlled group | 88 mg isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein)/day
equol | No change in fasting and postprandial glucose or insulin levels | No change in indexes of insulin sensitivity and resistance | — | — | No change in HbA1c levels |
|
Bertoglio et al.,
2011
[37] | In vivo
Rats
placebo-controlled trial | γ-Conglutin
10.5 mg, 21 mg, and 42 mg |
↓Glucose level in blood | — | — | — | — |
|
Bertoglio et al.,
2011
[37] | In vivo
Human
placebo-controlled trial | γ-Conglutin
157.5 mg, 315 mg, and 630 mg
|
↓Glucose level in blood | — | — | — | — |
|
| Dove et al., 2011 [38] | In vivo
Human
control group | 22 g lupin protein |
↓Postprandial glycaemia | — | — | — | — |
|
Spadafranca et al.,
2013[39] | In vivo
Human
double-blind, randomized, crossover study | Alpha-amylase inhibitor 6% * 100 mg |
↓Blood glucose
level | ↑Insulin level | — |
↓Food intake |
↓C-Peptide concentration in blood plasma
↓Ghrelin after a meal |
|
Choo et al.,
2012
[40] | In vivo
Mice and rats
control group | Vitexin 1, 3, and 15 mg
50, 100, and 200 mg
Isovitexin
1, 3, and 15 mg
20, 50, and 100 mg |
↓Postprandial glycaemia | — | — | — | — |
|
| Fu et al., 2012 [41] | In vivo
Mice
control group | Genistein
250 mg * kg (−1)/day |
↓Hyperglycaemia
↑Glucose tolerance—positive β cells of the islets | ↑Insulin levels in the blood
No change in insulin sensitivity
↑Number of insulin | No change | No change | — |
|
Squadrito et al.,
2013 [42] | In vivo
Human
placebo-controlled trial | Genistein
54 mg/day |
↓Glucose levels |
↓Insulin levels | No change | — |
↓Total cholesterol and triglyceride
↑HDL levels
↓Systolic and diastolic BP
↓Visfatin and homocysteine levels |
|
| Kim and Lim, 2013 [43] | In vivo
Mice
control group | Genistein
0.1%, 0.025% in daily diet | 0.025 ↓FBG | | No change | ↑Food intake | — |
|
Loi et al.,
2013
[44] | In vivo
Rats
control group | Alpha-amylase inhibitor/caffeoylquinic acid |
↓Blood glucose level | — | — |
↓Food intake | — |
|
| Park et al., 2013 [45] | In vivo
Mice
control group | Daidzein 10 mg * kg body weight/day |
↓Postprandial glycaemia | — | — | — | — |
Yao and Ren,
2014
[46] | In vivo
Rats
control group | Extruded adzuki bean extract
200 mg |
↓Blood glucose level | — | — | — | — |
|
Capraro et al.,
2014
[47] | In vivo
Rats
placebo-controlled trial | γ-conglutin
125 mg |
↓Glucose level in blood | — | — |
↓Food intake | — |
|
