Review Article

The Physiological and Biochemical Outcomes Associated with a Reflexology Treatment: A Systematic Review

Table 5

Assessment of quality using the GRADE system.

Number of studies and participantsStudy limitationsConsistency of resultsDirectness of the evidencePrecisionReporting biasOverall quality of the evidence

17 RCTs and pilot studies (697 participants) start score = 4−2 serious limitations due to problems with blinding −2 serious inconsistency in results between studies−1 some indirectness as most studies not comparable−1 some imprecision due to low participant numbersUnlikely as positive and negative effects foundVery low